Background There is a significant challenge of attributing specific diagnoses to patients with primary adrenal insufficiency of unknown etiology other than congenital adrenal hyperplasia (non-CAH PAI). Specific diagnoses per se may guide personalized treatment or may illuminate pathophysiology. Objective Investigation of the efficacy of steroid hormone profiles and high-throughput sequencing methods in establishing the etiology in non-CAH PAI of unknown origin. Design Paediatric patients with non-CAH PAI whose etiology could not be established by clinical and biochemical characteristics were enrolled. Genetic analysis was performed using targetedgene panel sequencing (TPS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Plasma adrenal steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared to that of controls. Setting Eighteen pediatric endocrinology clinics. Patients Forty-one patients (17 females, median age: 3 months, range: 0-8 years) with non-CAH PAI of unknown etiology. Results A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 29 (70.7%) patients by TPS. Further molecular diagnosis could not be achieved by WES. Compared to healthy control group, patients showed lower steroid concentrations, most significantly in cortisone, cortisol, and corticosterone (p<0.0001, area under the ROC curve: 0.96, 0.88, 0.87, respectively). Plasma cortisol<4 ng/mL, cortisone<11 ng/mL, and corticosterone<0.11 ng/mL had >95% specificity to ensure the diagnosis of non-CAH PAI of unknown etiology. Conclusion Steroid hormone profiles are highly sensitive for the diagnosis of non-CAH PAI of unknown etiology, while they are unlikely to point out a specific molecular diagnosis. TPS is an optimal approach in the molecular diagnosis of these patients with high efficacy, while little additional benefit is expected from WES.
GirişHiperinsülinemik hipoglisemi (HH), pankreatik β hücrelerinde kan glukozundan bağımsız olarak düzensiz insülin salınımına bağlı gelişir ve tekrarlayıcı hipoglisemiye neden olur (1,2). Yenidoğan ve süt çocuklarında ısrarlı hipogliseminin en sık sebebidir (2-4). Sporadik ve genetik nedenli HH nadir görülürken (insidansı 1/40000) akraba evliliği sık görülen yerlerde insidans 1/2500'e kadar çıkabilir (2). Hipoglisemi anında alınan kan örneklerinde hipoglisemiyle uygunsuz olarak serum insülin değeri saptanabilir düzeydedir. Tedavide temel amaç hipogliseminin kalıcı nörolojik sekel riskinden korunmak için normoglisemiyi sürdürmektir. HH'de normoglisemiyi sağlamak için yüksek dozda glukoz infüzyonu (>8 mg/kg/dk) gerekir, ancak düzensiz insülin salınımı nedeniyle tedavi oldukça karmaşıktır (1,2). Tedavi medikal, medikal tedaviye yanıtsız olanlarda da pankreatektomidir. Cerrahi sonrasında kür olabilir, HH devam edebilir veya cerrahiye ait komplikasyonlar gelişebilir.Burada, medikal tedaviye dirençli olması nedeniyle totale yakın pankreatektomi yapılan, ancak sonrasında Öz ABS TRACT Hiperinsülinemik hipoglisemi (HH) yenidoğan ve süt çocuklarında dirençli ve tekrarlayan hipogliseminin en sık görülen ve en zor yönetilen nedenidir. Burada yaşamının 1. gününde HH tanısı alan ve izlemde diazoksit yanıtsız olması nedeniyle totale yakın pankreatektomi uygulanan bir olgu sunuldu. Olguda, erken tanı ve müdahaleye rağmen, hipoglisemi ve cerrahiye ait komplikasyon gelişti. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hiperinsülinemik hipoglisemi, pankreatektomi, West sendromu Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is the most common reason for persistent and recurrent hypoglycemia in the neonatal and infancy periods. We presented a case diagnosed with HH on the first day of life and who underwent near-total pancreatectomy because of the unresponsiveness to the diazoxide treatment. Despite early diagnosis and management, complications developed due to hypoglycemia and surgery.
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