In the conditions of arid zones of irrigated agriculture, during the cultivation of horticultural and other crops, high air temperatures (over 25-30 о С) and low relative humidity (less than 20-30%) are observed during the vegetation period of plants. In these circumstances, the combined irrigation method using drip irrigation and sprinkling allows optimizing the use of water during drip irrigation at air temperatures below 25-30 о С and improving the microclimate through sprinkling at air temperatures above 25-30 о С. The study aims to determine the effect of the combined irrigation method on the microclimate, water regime of plants, and water productivity compared to the drip irrigation system. The key research method employed is a field experiment conducted on a specially allocated plot of land to establish differences between the two methods of irrigation. The field experiment presupposes an exploratory study and quantifies the effect of the new technology of irrigation of apple trees to objectively justify the implementation of this scientific development in agricultural production. The combined method of irrigation provides a decrease in air temperature by 1.5-2.1°C and increases air humidity by 10-17% in the surface air layer, improving the water regime of plants and increasing the apple yield by 10.7-17.9% against drip irrigation, while reducing water consumption per production unit by 4.0-10.1%. The method of combined irrigation is thus recommended for use in the arid zone of irrigated agriculture.

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The aim of the research is to develop technology for integrated treatment of surface, underground and mineralized waters, collected by drainage network contaminated by pollutants, to produce both water of the required quality and saturated brines. During experiments the main task was to select and reveal the optimum mode of desalination of initially mineralized ground water belonging to a certain type. The operation mode of reverse osmosis system was selected by gradual change of pressure and change of permeate and concentrate volume ratio (%), parameters of desalination regime change (flow rate, pressure, salt output) were recorded in time. The research was conducted in Zhambyl region, located in the southern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2021. Each operation stage of changing desalination regime lasted for 50 hours, while non-stop work being performed. The tests of reverse osmosis system with natural ground waters of sulphate-chloride-sodium and sulphate-carbonate-sodium types revealed quite reliable and stable desalination regime under changing flow discharge and permeate and concentrate volumes ratios and multiple initial water concentrations. Application of the proposed technological scheme will allow providing the good quality drinking water for shepherd brigades on summer distant pastures and further utilization of salt brines (concentrated waste waters, remained after desalination) in a safe for the environment manner.

Increasing water scarcity and increasing rate of livestock development in the Republic of Kazakhstan require using new water-saving irrigation methods. Using new forage crops will make it possible to use irrigation water most productively and to achieve the maximum yield with high soil-feeding capacity, while using the minimum amount of irrigation water. Therefore, the main goal of the research was developing a technology of cultivating new fodder crops with mist sprinkling. To save water with optimal water and nutrient regimes, agro technical operations for cultivating crops such as grain and new (for the southern region of Kazakhstan) sorghum and millet, as well as optimal modes of their irrigation with mist sprinkling have been developed.

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