It has been commonly understood that tourism development in rural areas can generate a unique dynamic in the social life of the village communities. This includes a recognition of the collective and cohesive village communities. The significance of socio-cultural factors in tourism is reflected in many villages in Yogyakarta. Taking a case study in Tanjung village as a rural tourism destination in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, this study investigated the social and cultural impacts of rural tourism development on the host community. By using a qualitative method, the data in this study came from in-depth interviews with the head of village tourism management and village residents, focus group discussions, and field observations. As the result, this study found that rural tourism has brought a positive impact on community involvement and empowerment, including women. In addition, the host-visitor interactions are positive but superficial. From the cultural aspect, tourism has played an important role in the preservation of local culture and arts. Several local art performances and traditions have been revived due to tourism. However, apart from the positive impacts, the development of rural tourism has generated problems that could turn into conflicts among community members, especially those concerning dualistic tourism management and negative perception over economic benefit distribution.

Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia is experiencing significant increase in its visitors due to the massive development of its tourism objects, especially natural ones such as caves and beaches. Pindul Cave is one of the most prominent tourism object in Gunungkidul which is also visited by a high number of tourists although it was just opened in the late 2011s. Therefore, by conducting interviews with locals and the management as well as observation to collect data, this study investigated the perceived impacts of tourism in Pindul Cave. The analysis results show that the residents have positive attitudes towards socio-cultural, economic, and environmental impact although they also perceive negative impacts such as the way of employee’s recruitment by the management and the degradation of environment in the cave. However, these negative impacts are perceived minor by the residents so that, overall, they perceive that the development of tourism in Pindul Cave is positive.

Compared to 15 villages located in Ciletuh Geopark, Tamanjaya is the center of geotourism activities and the village has the most rapid progress, as well as has active tourism management. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the factors supporting the success of the Community-Based Tourism (CBT) project in Tamanjaya Village and explore the community's constraints in participating in the project. The data was collected through observations and interviews with various stakeholders and local residents. The analysis results suggested that the success factor of the CBT project in Tamanjaya Village cannot be separated from some involved parties, ranging from the private sector, academia, and governmental institutions. Meanwhile, the local residents' barriers to participation in the tourism activities include the community's lack of interest in the tourism activities, busy activities in household affairs, and lack of tourism knowledge of Ciletuh Geopark.

Merangin Geopark, Jambi, Indonesia is one of Indonesian National Geoparks which is on the way of being the member of Global Geopark Network (GGN). In doing so, Merangin Geopark has been being developed as a tourist destination considering that one of the important aspects of Geopark is the tourism development. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze the tourists’ perception of the Geopark’s tourism products. By using a qualitative approach, this study collected data from 80 respondents (as sample) through questionnaires, coupled with interviews and observation.The analysis results show that out of 4 aspects of tourism products, only attraction which gets the highest positive perception percentage (82%) meaning that the attractions are interesting enough and deserved to satisfy the visitors. Tourist organizations/managers get positive perception of 58%, which indicates that visitors are quite satisfied, but they need some improvement. Meanwhile, amenities and accessibility have more negative perception which indicates that the government should pay more attention on these two aspects.

ABSTRACT<br />Community-based tourism (CBT) is one of the approaches employed to realize sustainable tourism. Nevertheless, tourism activities taking place in Mengkapan Mangrove located in Riau Province do not show positive results after the tourism is managed by the local community. This is evidenced by the poorly maintained tourist facilities and attractions, the drastic decline in the number of visitors, and the lack of harmonious relations between stakeholders. Therefore, the current study was aimed to explore the factors that inhibit the success or sustainability of the CBT project in the mangrove ecotourism. The data was collected by conducting direct observation and interviews with various stakeholders, including the Head of Destination Section of Siak Tourism Office, an NGO Leader, local management members, and villagers. The results of the study suggest that there were several constraints in the CBT project in Mangrove, including a lack of cohesivenessbetween local managers and villagers, village officials, and Siak Tourism Office, inactive local management, low perceived economic benefit, cessation of CSR assistance from the company, and lack of support from the government. Resolving these problems is urgently needed. One way is to organize a meeting to be attended by all related stakeholders to achieve a common understanding and set of solutions.<br />Keywords:constraints, success, CBT, ecotourism, mangrove