This paper deals with the role of the labor market in moderating the growth-effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. FDI has developed rapidly and become the main source of economic growth in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of labor market flexibility in mediating the impact of FDI on economic growth in developing countries. Panel threshold regression analysis proposed by Hansen (1999) is employed to assess the hypothesis of the study. Findings/Originality: The results provide the empirical finding of the role labor market in moderating the growth effect of FDI in developed and developing countries and fill this gap by assessing the role of labor market flexibility as an absorptive capacity in FDI-growth link in developing countries.

The motivation of the study is to compare the impact of aging population on healthcare expenditure between China and India as demographic projection forecast that the percentage people above 65 years will be 26 percent by 2050. The used of long time series data of China and India from 1970 to 2011 helps us to identify the long run relationship between ageing population and healthcare expenditure using ARDL bound testing approach. The result of the bounds test showed that there is a stable, long-run relationship between the ageing population and healthcare expenditure, life expectancy, and GDPC. In fact, results revealed that the ageing population influences healthcare expenditure both in China and India. However, in the case of China the ageing population is a more dominant influence on healthcare expenditures because the total ageing in China is greater than that of the population in India.

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This study examines how the COVID-19 shock affects households by drawing the economic challenges and provide an opportunities to reduce the impact of crisis. The online survey was used in the data collection which focuses on economic indicators such as income, job, salary, spending, debt, saving, and price level. The survey reveals significant association (p<0.0001) between job category, job status and age with job risk. Low income level found to have higher risk on income reduction (ChiSq=23.94, C=0.271) at this point. Part-time and contract workers are also more vulnerable when come to the risk of income cutting because of the MCO measures. Data shows, 53.8 percent of the households agree with the high price of goods and services after the pandemic. This support with 73.3 percent of households said the pandemic slightly contributes to higher spending for basic or necessary goods. Despite a number of challenges, the pandemic offers a window of opportunity for the development of household production which there is evidence of coping strategies, such as supplementing income through gig work and home gardening. Findings can be used to target interventions designed to reduce pandemic risk and the economic challenges of the COVID-19 required monitoring in real-time.