Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported to affect organs other than the lungs, including the liver, brain, kidneys and intestine, and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, have also been reported. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 could potentially directly or indirectly regulate the gut microbiome profile and its homeostasis. The abundance of Coprobacillus, Clostridium ramosum and Clostridium are associated with the severity of COVID-19, and Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are also related to COVID-19 infection. The four phyla are correlated with the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients. The modulation of factors that control the physiological growth of the gut microbiome will determine the proportionate ratio of microbiome types (profile). Taken together, gut microbiome profile alterations in COVID-19 patients may have a cross effect with the modulation of cytokine levels in COVID-19 infection. With these findings, several factors that regulate gut microbiome homeostasis may support the degree of the clinical symptoms and hasten the recovery process after COVID-19 infection.

<p>Kanker memiliki ciri mempertahankan sinyal proliferatif, menghindari penekan pertumbuhan, terjadi invasi dan metastasis, menginduksi angiogenesis, memungkinkan replikatif yang immortal, dan melawan kematian sel. Kanker kolorektal (CRC) merupakan hubungan kompleks dari sel tumor, sel non-neoplastik, dan sejumlah besar mikroorganisme. Deteksi dini pada awal lesi dapat menurunkan mordibitas dan mortilitas keganasan, sehingga penting dilakukan skrining. Pemeriksaan CEA dan M2PK dapat dilakukan sebagai tes skrining yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Beberapa Laboratorium sering kali hanya melakukan 1 pemeriksaan saja seperti CEA tanpa M2PK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara pemeriksaan CEA dan M2PK sebagai tes skrining kanker kolorektal. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode komparatif. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2020 di Laboratorium Multilab Rawamangun. Sampel penelitian berasal dari 30 orang subjek yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria harus melakukan pemeriksaan CEA dan M2PK secara bersamaan. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji <em>Mann-Whitney</em> diperoleh hasil p <em>value</em> 0,000. Hasil analisa tersebut menujukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemeriksaan CEA dan M2PK sebagai diagnosis kanker kolorektal. Pemeriksaan CEA dan M2PK dapat digunakan sebagai tes skrining awal pada pemeriksaan kanker kolorektal.</p>

Ada dua metode untuk menghitung trombosit secara otomatis, yaitu metode impedansi dan metode optik, dan prinsipnya berbeda. Prinsip kerja dari metode impedansi adalah resistansi atau hambatan baterai tergantung pada pengaruh volume baterai terhadap arus tinggi, semakin besar baterai, semakin besar resistansi dan sebaliknya. Prinsip metode optik adalah hamburan cahaya yang terjadi ketika sel mengalir melalui celah dan berkas difokuskan ke area penginderaan di aperture/orifice. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah trombosit yang diperiksa dengan metode impedansi dan optik pada pasien dengan mikrositosis di laboratorium klinik utama Bio Medika. Penelitian dilakukan mulai September 2019 hingga Oktober 2019. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 122 pasien dari laboratorium klinik utama Bio Medika. Data yang diperoleh diuji normalitasnya kemudian diolah menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon. Dari hasil uji beda diperoleh p-value sebesar 0,000 (<0,05) yang berarti terdapat perbedaan nilai pemeriksaan impedansi dan optical platelet count pada pasien mikrositosis di laboratorium klinik utama Bio Medika. Jumlah trombosit metode impedansi lebih tinggi daripada metode optik. Kesimpulan Metode optik untuk jumlah trombosit pada pasien dengan mikrositosis

The use of mouthwash as an oral antimicrobial agent against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. It is important to investigate the efficacy of mouthwash solutions against salivary SARS-CoV-2 in order to reduce the exposure of the dental team during dental procedures. This review aims to evaluate current knowledge on the effect of mouthwash in reducing the oral load of SARS-CoV-2. The article was conducted of two databases and were limited to period January 2018 to May 2023 with combination of the following keywords: “effect” and “mouthwash” and “oral” and “SARS CoV-2”. The results obtained were 21 articles found at the beginning of the search in both databases, and the 11 full text articles were selected for further review and discussion. Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) was effective in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 load for at least 60 min. Povidone-iodine 1% oral solutions are effective preprocedural mouthwashes against SARS CoV-2 in dental treatments. Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0,05% could reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2–positive patients. H2O2 concentrations (1.5% and 3%), verifying a minimal reduction in viral titer after 30s. Benzalkoniumchloride as antiseptic mouthrinse only mildly reduces viral infectivity in vivo, despite its high efficacy in vitro. The use of mouthwash chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, benzalkoniumchloride can reduce the number of viruses, one of which is the SARS virus in the oral cavity. Antiseptics are effective in the first stage of contamination, before they enter the cell in the early period.

Stunting, as an indicator of chronic malnutrition, can affect a variety of body systems, including the development of various dental diseases and disorders. The objective of this study is to map the scope of existing research on the relationship between stunting and dental caries. This scoping review utilized two database search engines (Scopus and PubMed) using the keywords "stunting" and "caries". The article selection process was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Following an assessment of titles, abstracts, and full-texts, 23 articles were identified as relevant to the study objective and were included in this review. The majority of the studies (69.6%) used a cross-sectional design and examined more than 500 samples (47.8%). Most studies were conducted on the Asian and African continents, examined caries in primary teeth, and used WHO growth standards to define stunting. The study findings on the correlation between stunting and caries in primary and permanent teeth revealed varying results depending on study design, sample size, and settings. All of the studies included in this review were performed in lower-middle income countries (LMICs). The publication regarding the correlation between childhood stunting and caries in permanent teeth is still lacking, mainly because the utilization of cross-sectional research design. Other risk factors, as well as the use of different research methods, could explain the variations in the findings of the studies included in this review.