Irrational drug use is one of the main health problems all over the world, especially in developing countries. Limited studies about irrational drug use examples showed that main defects. These are polypharmacy, use of drug drug incompatible with diagnosis, inappropriate use of antibiotics, unnecessary use of expensive drug and people's self-treatment with over the counter and prescribing drugs. There are many reasons for irrational drug use. The main reasons are lack of education, sociocultural, economic and resulting from regulatory mechanism factors. These reasons affect each other, so problems become more complicated. Reasons resulting from pharmacist and doctors occurs basic of irrational drug use. So attitude of doctors and pharmacist toward rational drug use should be evaluated for resolve defects, formal and non-formal education should be continually used and improved. Rational drug use policies should be developed involving drug companies, doctors, pharmacists and patients. Key words: Rational drug use, irrational drug use, education. ÖZETAkılcı olmayan ilaç kullanımı bütün dünyada, özellikle de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde en temel sağlık sorunudur. Sınırlı sayıda yapılan akılcı olmayan ilaç kullanımı örneklerini araştıran çalışmalarda belirlenen temel sorunlar arasında; gereğinden fazla ilaç reçetelenmesi (polifarmasi), tanıyla ilişkisi olmayan ilaç kullanımı, uygunsuz antibiyotik kullanımı, gereksiz pahalı ilaç kullanımı ve halkın reçetesiz satılan ya da reçeteli olduğu halde reçetesiz satılan ilaçlarla kendi kendini uygunsuz tedavi gibi durumlar gözlemlenmiştir. Akılcı olmayan ilaç kullanımının eğitim eksikliğinden başlayarak

Background/aim: Capecitabine is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and has shown significant antitumor activity. The main adverse effects are hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, and dermatitis. In recent years, hypertriglyceridemia has been reported in patients treated with capecitabine. Dyslipidemia is a rare but important side effect of capecitabine. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in lipid levels during capecitabine treatment and to raise awareness of pharmacovigilance.

Objectives: Given the many medications used to treat novel coronavirus disease and its comorbidities and complications, the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and resulting patient harm is concerning. This study aimed to shed light on physicians' knowledge of potential DDIs related to COVID-19 treatment, to determine the effect of an information brief about these DDIs on their correct response rates, and to identify factors associated with higher levels of knowledge about these DDIs. Methods: The knowledge of physicians regarding the clinical significance and intervention of 7 common potential DDIs during COVID-19 treatment was evaluated via an online survey. Using a pretest-posttest design, the physicians completed a multiple-choice questionnaire first using their existing knowledge, then received an information brief about the DDIs and completed the same questionnaire again. Pretest and posttest scores were evaluated and factors affecting correct response rates were determined using correlation, regression, and post-hoc analyzes. Results: A total of 244 physicians participated in the survey, 147 (60.2%) of whom were involved in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. After the information brief, there were significant increases in the number of correct responses for both clinical significance and interventions (p < 0.0001). In comparisons of pretest knowledge, physicians involved in the treatment of COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher correct response rate for interventions compared to physicians who had not treated COVID-19 patients (p = 0.003). Post-hoc analysis to compare pretest correct intervention responses among all medical specialties revealed significant differences between infectious diseases and family practice (mean difference: 1.059; p = 0.005) and between internal medicine and family practice (mean difference: 1.771; p < 0.0001). Conclusion:Physicians involved in the treatment of COVID-19 patients had more knowledge regarding clinical significance and appropriate management of potential DDIs than those not involved. Therefore, it may be beneficial to organize trainings and issue guidelines about potential DDIs for physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Elderly patients are at high risk of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) infection and severe COVID-19 patients are treated in intensive care units (ICU). Drug-drug interaction risk increased to 100% with eight or more medication use. Comorbidities in both elderly and ICU patients leading to polypharmacy and a higher risk for drug-drug interactions. Also, the organ dysfunctions due to COVID-19 may alter the pharmacokinetics of the drugs which may influence the severity of drug interactions. The severity, mechanisms, onset of action and clinical significance of the drug-drug interactions may vary. Detailed information on COVID-19 drug interactions is reported by The Liverpool Drug Interaction Group, however this paper was aimed to provide a quick guidance on these interactions for the clinicians. During the management of COVID-19, possibility of drug-drug interactions should be considered by clinicians to avoid any negative outcomes in the treatment process.

Pharmacovigilance, is a scientific study related to followup problems in drug administrations and identify, record, announce and take due precautions for these problems. Pharmacovigilance works on to increase safety and effectiveness of drugs and minimize the risks associated with drug use. It is significantly developed and continues to improve to satisfy the recent needs. While information spreads like wildfire in the world, there is a need for strategic planning which adopts an integrated approach to go through difficulties caused by increased transmission between borders, easy acceptance of medical product diversity and increased safety expectation of public. We will need dynamic improvement and continuation of pharmacovigilance in all its parts to improve public health and safety. Key words: Pharmacovigilance, past, present, future. ÖZET Farmakovijilans, ilaç uygulamasında karılaılan sorunların takibi, sorumlu nedenlerin saptanması, tanınması, kaydedilmesi, duyurulması, gerekli önlemlerin alınması ile ilgili bilimsel çalımadır. Farmakovijilans ilaçların güvenliği ve etkinliği; ilaç kullanımı ile ilikili olası riskleri en aza indirmek üzerine çalıır. Önemli ölçüde gelimitir ve yeni ihtiyaçlara cevap vermek üzere gelimeye de devam edecektir. Dünya genelinde bilginin hızla yayılmasıyla birlikte, sınırlar arasındaki artan iletiim, tıbbi ürünlerin çeitliliğinin kolay kabulü ve kamunun artan güvenlik beklentisi gibi ek zorlukları karılamak için, bütünsel bir yaklaım benimseyen dikkatli bir stratejik planlama için ihtiyaç olumutur. Bizim kamu sağlığını ve güvenliğini artırmak adına farmakovijilansın tüm yönleriyle dinamik geliimine ve devamına ihtiyacımız olacaktır. Anahtar kelimeler: Farmakovijilans, geçmi, bugün, yarın.