In this article, social network analysis SNA is defined and historical development process is explained. A comprehensive literature search has been conducted for this purpose. SAA is a powerful method that centralizes individuals and their relations, in that the effect of the individual on the social network can be uncovered and the network of individual groups can be evaluated holistically. SNA shows the structural gaps and social capital in institutions, and focuses managers' attention on critical informal networks. Evaluating strategically important networks within an organization, make "invisible" groups visible in the interaction and allows them to work with key groups to facilitate effective collaboration.

Turkey has undertaken major reforms since 2003 to transform and improve its healthcare system and health outcomes. This historical evaluation aims to shares experiences gained from Turkey's Health Transformation Program (HTP) with scholars, policymakers, and the public. Until today from the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the legal regulations and practices for improving health services have been explained, and the results have been evaluated from a historical perspective. Our review shows that HTP has created a model that achieved goals for universal health insurance, family medicine, access to health services, and service quality. HTP increased access to health services and affected service quality. However, it has not achieved full decentralization of secondary and tertiary healthcare providers. Public hospital associations and public health directorates were reunited under the Provincial Health Directorate. It is stated that various factors such as having three different bodies in administration, problems with the competence of appointed managers, unsettled organizational structure, more than one managers being appointed and frequent changes in office, dissatisfaction of healthcare workers, and problems in communication and coordination. Countries wishing to reform may be more productive in implementing decentralization considering in their own circumstances.

No abstract

In this research, it is aimed to determine the network of helping and to compare the differences of helping relations of employees of three public health institutions in Istanbul. Participants were asked to give the names of the five people they requested the most for help through the questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Data was evaluated by social network analysis. Among health institutions, number of observations and number of helping ties were the highest in the health directorate. Network density was the highest in the hospitals union. The mean of ego networks data of the employees was higher in the health directorate. Between those who asked for help and those who were asked for help were homophily in terms of gender, age groups, educational level, hierarchical level, work experience and seniority at the health directorate and the hospital.