Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that hospital-based and community-based services should include continual care dependence monitoring using this comprehensive instrument. Care dependency is subject to change over time, therefore nurses have to plan and tailor adequate nursing care measures to patient needs in the different stages, especially with respect to the aspect of mobility.

Stroke impacts care dependency, and thus the patient needs home care after suffering a stroke. This study was carried out to investigate similarities and differences between the assessments made by family caregivers and nurses regarding the care dependency level of stroke patients in Indonesian hospitals. This study was a comparative study of the care dependency of stroke patients. Data were collected on the stroke wards on the day of admission using the Care Dependency Scale (CDS). The sample consisted of 118 family caregivers and 21 nurses. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to determine the mean differences between the paired data collected by family caregivers and nurses. The results of this study show that significant differences exist between the family caregivers’ and nurses’ assessments regarding the care dependency levels of stroke patients. Nurses assigned higher scores to all CDS items than family caregivers did. Significant differences between the family caregivers’ and nurses’ assessments were observed on numerous items of the Care Dependency Scale. This study contributes to efforts to raise awareness of potential differences in perceived care dependency levels of stroke patients. The findings can help nurses plan the patient’s discharge together with family caregivers.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) among stroke survivors. Methods The study was undertaken in four hospitals. We analysed datasets obtained from 109 stroke survivors on inpatient wards and in outpatient clinics, who were rated by nurses to determine the CDS reliability coefficients. The Cronbach’s α and Cohen’s kappa coefficients were applied. Concurrent validity was conducted for the data on care dependency, which werecollected from 49 of these 109 participants on inpatient wards by nurses using the CDS and the Barthel Index. A Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to measure the association between the CDS and the Barthel Index results. Results An analysis of the results of the CDS tested on the inpatient ward and in the outpatient clinic revealed a high level of internal consistency. The reliability analysis yielded the same Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.98 for both the inpatient and outpatient data. A significant, moderate correlation was observed between the CDS and Barthel Index results. Conclusion The CDS can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment and evaluation of stroke survivors who are receiving acute or long-term care.

Stroke patients require immediate medical treatment before 4.5 hours to reduce the risk of death and disability. Stroke patients may experience impaired brain function caused by damage or death of brain tissue. Delay in treating stroke in patients can cause brain damage that appears more severe. Prehospital intervention can be an important initial treatment for stroke patients either while the patient is still at home or during the transfer process to the hospital. This literature review aims to determine the concept and application of prehospital interventions that can be given to stroke patients. This research is a literature review using the Pubmed database and the Google Scholar search engine. The English keywords used “stroke AND prehospital intervention OR emergency medical services OR EMS”. Meanwhile, the Indonesian keywords used “stroke AND intervensi prehospital OR emergency medical services OR EMS”. The results obtained were 19 full-text articles discussing prehospital stroke interventions with the year of publication 2012-2022. In conclusion, the prehospital aspect of stroke in Indonesia still needs development in terms of human resources and infrastructure in order to provide optimal service for patients who have had a stroke. Keywords: Emergency Medical Services, Mobile Stroke Unit, Prehospital, Stroke  ABSTRAK Pasien serangan stroke memerlukan penanganan medis segera sebelum 4,5 jam untuk mengurangi risiko kematian dan kecacatan. Pasien serangan stroke dapat mengalami gangguan fungsi otak yang disebabkan oleh adanya kerusakan atau kematian jaringan otak. Terlambatnya penanganan stroke pada pasien dapat menyebabkan kerusakan otak yang muncul semakin berat. Intervensi prehospital dapat menjadi upaya awal yang penting dilakukan untuk pasien stroke baik saat pasien masih di rumah atau saat proses transfer ke rumah sakit. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep dan penerapan intervensi prehospital yang dapat diberikan kepada pasien stroke. Penelitian ini berupa tinjauan pustaka menggunakan database Pubmed dan search engine google scholar. Kata kunci bahasa Inggris yang digunakan adalah “stroke AND prehospital intervention OR emergency medical services OR EMS”. Sedangkan, kata kunci Bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan adalah “stroke AND intervensi prehospital OR emergency medical services OR EMS”. Hasil didapatkan terdapat 19 artikel full-text yang membahas mengenai intervensi prehospital stroke dengan tahun publikasi 2012-2022. Kesimpulannya, aspek prehospital stroke di Indonesia masih perlu pengembangan dari segi sumber daya manusia maupun infrastrukturnya agar dapat memberikan pelayanan yang optimal bagi pasien yang mengalami serangan stroke. Kata Kunci: Emergency Medical Services, Mobile Stroke Unit, Prehospital, Stroke