Malaria is a life threatening disease, it is caused by female Anopheles Mosquitoes and it is a problem in several areas of the world especially Africa. Control of mosquitoes is something of utmost importance in the present day with rising number of mosquito borne illnesses. Thus, specialty products like mosquito repellent used to combat mosquitoes are required.The main objective of the work was to extract, characterize and take theoretical study of the active ingredient in Cymbopogon citratus leave and to formulate a mosquito repellent cream naturally obtained from medicinal plants.. The formulation of cream have smooth texture with a pH 7.20 which is non-irritant and suitable for the skin. The efficacy of the extract of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) was investigated on mosquito in this research using different concentrations of the oil extract. The cream with the highest concentration of the active ingredient extracted was found to be most effective in repelling mosquitoes.The oil samples extracted were analyzed to evaluate its quality by determined its chemical constituents through GC-MS. The main components detected in the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil were Citral, β-mycrene and β-Thujene. And Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis (functional group determination) were also performed for the samples. Computational techniques using DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G* basis level was used to compare their reactivity and stability based on some theoretically calculated parameters. Quantum chemical calculations reveal total energy, dipole moment,large energy gap between the LUMO and HOMO of the constituent lemon grass oil indicating a theoretically significant interaction.It was proved that lemongrass oil cream provide good resistance against mosquito bites and also concluded that this process is one of eco-friendly.

River Musa in Bida, Nigeria is of great importance to the people of the town and its environs. Due to the indiscriminate disposal of domestic and industrial effluents into the river, there is a need to evaluate the river water quality for drinking purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate some selected physicochemical parameters (Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, ammonia (NH4), Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium and four heavy metals ( Fe, Pb, Cu and Mn)) of water from River Musa to reveal the detailed water quality of the river for its suitability for drinking purpose. To achieve this objective, the Canadian Council Water Quality index (CCWQI) was applied to the analytical results of the selected parameters to obtain a single value that was used to rank the river at each of the sampling locations. The annualaverage water quality indexes (for both rainy and dry season) at five locations are (40.9, 42, 40, 39.1 and 37.5). The results showed that the water quality of the entire river is poor (39.9) and the river water is not suitable for drinking purposes.

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The molecular structures of two Pyridazine derivative;5-phenyl-6-ethyl-pyridazine-3-thione (PEPT) and 5-phenyl-6-ethylpridazine-3-one (PEPO) were simulated for corrosion inhibition efficiency using quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G* basis set level in order to compare the relationship between their molecular structure,electronic structure and inhibition potential.The quantum chemical properties for inhibition efficiency such as EHOMO (energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital), ELUMO (energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), energy gap (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), global hardness (η), global softness (S), electronegativity (χ), electrophilicity (ω), nucleophilicity (ɛ), electrons transferred from inhibitors to metal surface (ΔN), and the energy change during electronic back-donation process (ΔE*) were calculated. The results show that 5-phenyl-6-ethyl-pyridazine-3-thione (PEPT) would have higher inhibition efficiency than 5-phenyl-6-ethylpridazine-3-one (PEPO) due to its relative EHOMO, ELUMO, ΔE, μ, η, S , ꭓ, ω, ΔN, and ∆E*.