PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the technical inefficiency of dairy farms and subsequently investigate the factors affecting technical inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses multi-directional efficiency analysis to measure the technical inefficiency scores on a sample of 200 farm observations and single-bootstrap truncated regression model to define factors affecting technical inefficiency.FindingsManagerial and program inefficiency scores are presented for intensive and semi-intensive production systems. The results reveal marked differences in the inefficiency scores across inputs and between production systems.Practical implicationsIntensive systems generally have lowest managerial and program inefficiency scores in the Malaysian dairy farming sector. Policy makers could use this information to advise dairy farmers to convert their farming system to the intensive system.Social implicationsThe results suggest that the Malaysian Government should redefine its policy for providing farm finance and should target young farmers when designing training and extension programs in order to improve the performance of the dairy sector.Originality/valueThe existing literature on Southeast Asian dairy farming has neither focused on investigating input-specific efficiency nor on comparing managerial and program efficiency. This paper aims to fill this gap.

Pomelo (Citrus grandis or Citrus maxima) is a tropical fruit from Rutaceae family has grown in Malaysia. These natural, non-hybrid citrus fruits originated from Southeast Asia and widely grown in Indonesia, China and Thailand (Morton, 1987;Scora, 1975). Commonly known as Limau Kepala Besar, Limau Bali (pomelo), Limau Tambun and Limau Besar Ledang, this fruit have four famous varieties such as Varieties PO51 (Shanting), Varieties PO52 (Tambun), Varieties PO55 (Limau Besar, Ledang) and Varieties PO56 (Melomas Variety) which can be found in the local and global markets. The aim of this research is to study the characteristics behind every purchasing decision through personal, socio-cultural and psychological factors of consumer. Data were collected using online questionnaire which a total of 100 forms were distributed around Johor, Malaysia. The data were analyzed to identify the relationship between respondent profiles and identify the most influential factors that show the relationship associations with consumer purchasing decisions on pomelo fruits. The results showed that personal, socio-cultural and psychological factors have influenced consumers' decision-making process when buying the pomelo fruits.

The aim of this study is to measure the technical inefficiency of dairy farms and subsequently investigate the factors affecting technical inefficiency in the Malaysian dairy industry. This study uses multi-directional efficiency analysis to measure the technical inefficiency scores on a sample of 200 farm observations and single-bootstrap truncated regression model to define factors affecting technical inefficiency. Managerial and program inefficiency scores are presented for intensive and semi-intensive production systems. The results reveal marked differences in the inefficiency scores across inputs and between production systems. Intensive systems generally have lowest managerial and program inefficiency scores in the Malaysian dairy farming sector. Policy makers could use this information to advise dairy farmers to convert their farming system to the intensive system. Our results suggest that the Malaysian government should redefine its policy for providing farm finance and should target young farmers when designing training and extension programs in order to improve the performance of the dairy sector. The existing literature on Southeast Asian dairy farming has neither focussed on investigating input-specific efficiency nor on comparing managerial and program efficiency.This chapter aims to fill this gap.

In this paper, we have constructed a sequence of soft points in one soft set with respect to a fixed soft point of another soft set. The convergence and boundedness of these sequences in soft ∆-metric spaces are defined and their properties are established. Further, the complete soft ∆-metric spaces are introduced by defining soft ∆-Cauchy sequences.