Mediatization and Culture: Korean Wave and Malaysia’s Gen Z Fan in the Global Pandemic Covid-19 ABSTRACT Korean Wave is a global phenomenon that has made social media a major platform for promoting cultural products. Having fans from all over the world demonstrates its suitability to be a subject of study in the process of how the development of media technology has transformed people's lives. This article aims to explore the process of mediatization in society. This study seeks to explore how media technology plays a role in changing the culture of every day. Looking at the Korean wave, the researcher sought to understand the relationship between fans among gen Z and the phenomenon. This study is a qualitative research, using nethnography as a data collection technique. Samples were selected based on predefined criteria and then used Nvivo12 software to analyse the findings. The researcher further refined this study by focusing on the duration of movement control order only. This study seeks to understand how the entertainment industry survived and the relationship between the Korean wave phenomenon and fans in the face of a pandemic. The study found that despite the global pandemic, with a high level of digitalization among gen Z, the consumption of Korean cultural products among fans is still ongoing. Fan experience such as attending concerts and sharing information can still be done using the applications via media communication devices such as mobile phones, computers and tablets. The development of media communication technologies, change the way people communicate and the culture of every day. Keywords: Mediatization, Korean wave, netnography, gen Z, Covid-19.
Makalah ini adalah kajian awal mengenai fenomena gelombang Korea di Malaysia. Gelombang Korea ataupun Korean Wave merujuk kepada fenomena global penerimaan produk budaya Korea. Gelombang Korea boleh difahami sebagai segala bentuk produk budaya Korea termasuk muzik pop, drama, filem dan permainan video yang mana fokusnya sering kali kepada selebriti mereka. Namun, Shim (2017) mengembangkan lagi istilah ini dengan menyatakan bahawa selepas awal tahun 2010, gelombang Korea juga termasuk semua genre budaya Korea termasuk Soju (minum beralkohol dari Korea Selatan), makanan, minuman, fesyen, alat solekan, dan sebagainya lagi. Data dikumpulkan dari kerja lapangan dan pemerhatian peserta dalam beberapa acara peminat di Kuala Lumpur di samping penelitian kajian-kajian lampau. Pemerhatian dijalankan di konsert, sesi bertemu peminat dan di acara perhimpunan salah satu kumpulan peminat BTS Malaysia. Kajian penerokaan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mengenai senario peminat gelombang Korea di Malaysia terutamanya dalam kalangan belia di Malaysia. Kajian ini mendapati perkembangan teknologi media memainkan peranan dalam mengembangkan gelombang Korea, di mana kajian-kajian lampau memperlihatkan bagaimana internet memainkan peranan penting dalam memperkembangkan fenomena gelombang Korea. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mendapati, kaedah pemerhatian sahaja tidak mencukupi untuk mendalami fenomena gelombang Korea terutamanya apabila melibatkan belia. Mengabungkan kaedah pemerhatian dengan kaedah temu bual mendalam boleh memperolehi data yang lebih tepat mengenai pengalaman belia terutamanya sejauhmanakah mereka terlibat dengan fenomena gelombang Korea ini.
Kehadiran pelbagai laman media sosial merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyumbang kepada kemunculan pempengaruh terutamanya melibatkan media sosial yang bercirikan penghasilan dan perkongsian video pendek kreatif seperti di Instagram. Pempengaruh merupakan pihak ketiga yang bergerak bebas dalam membentuk dan mengumpulkan khalayak melalui penghasilan kandungan kreatif terutamanya melalui media sosial. Hal ini secara tidak langsung menunjukkan bahawa kandungan kreatif merupakan nadi utama di dalam sesebuah media sosial dan boleh digunakan oleh seseorang pempengaruh untuk penjenamaan peribadi. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka dan menganalisis aspek estetik penerbitan kandungan kreatif yang membentuk penjenamaan diri pempengaruh Khairulaming. Hal ini adalah kerana terdapat perkaitan yang sinergi di antara estetika penerbitan kandungan kreatif dan aspek penjenamaan pempengaruh. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan 48 buah video di Instagram Khairulaming dan juga temubual kumpulan fokus yang terdiri daripada pengikut akaun Instagram berkenaan. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan kepada lima prinsip estetika penerbitan media iaitu estetika dimensi pertama (pencahayaan dan warna), estetika dimensi kedua (komposisi dan daya), estetika dimensi ketiga (elemen tambahan), estetika dimensi keempat (masa dan pergerakan) dan juga estetika dimensi kelima (audio). Hasil kajian menunjukkan, penerbitan video kandungan kreatif oleh pempengaruh yang mematuhi kelima-lima prinsip ini dapat membantu di dalam aspek penjenamaan diri seseorang pempengaruh. Di samping itu juga, pematuhan terhadap prinsip estetika ini juga turut memberikan impak terhadap persepsi pengikut serta pengalaman penontonan mereka. Kata kunci: Kandungan kreatif, video, penjenamaan peribadi, Instagram, pempengaruh.
The development of media technology became a key element in constructing social realities. This study analyses the process of mediatization in contemporary youth culture and how social media has played a role in creating the mediated world. Aiming to explore the mediated world of Korean Wave female fans in Malaysia using the perspective mediatization and culture. This study was conducted using qualitative research and a netnography was conducted due to the movement control orders or locked downs that took place in many countries due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted on events that took place on the Internet. This study shows social media as a catalyst in connecting fans with the social phenomenon and it has allowed fans to create their own mediated world and online community. The mediazation process bring fans and celebrities closer to each other with information on the Korean Wave obtained without interruption and filtering. Social media had led to negotiation creations of social reality, the empowerment of groups involved and these groups participation in the evolution of the Korean Wave becomes an essential part of the phenomenon.
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