No abstract

Language learning methods (LLS) are frequently employed to support education, notably to raise ESL students' competence levels. The majority of ESL students' English proficiency, especially among undergraduates, is average, and academics have carried out various studies to better understand the problems. The competency levels of ESL students vary depending on their gender. The goal of the study is to discover, using data from recent studies, the language learning techniques ESL students utilize to improve their English proficiency. In order to improve English proficiency, language learning trends are thus thoroughly identified in this review. 47 final papers were extracted using three databases: Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). The data showed that ESL learners frequently adopt LLS to improve English competence. Choices are influenced by socioeconomic, political, educational, religious, and cultural variables. Second, recent studies show language learners tend to use one approach, but rare studies show they use more than one. Third, the current research' focus groups were held in schools, colleges, universities, institutions, and among ESL adults. These three findings imply study gaps on factors influencing LLS decisions. This review helps practitioners know which LLS to apply in language acquisition and highlight research needs to maintain future education.