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It is estimated that 40% of natural gas reservoirs in the world are contaminated with acid gases (such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide), which hinder exploitation activities. The demand for natural gas will increase by 30% from 2020 to 2050, with the rise of industrial activities and the lifting of travel restrictions. The long-term production of these high acid-gas fields requires mitigation plans, which include carbon capture, utilization, and a storage process to reduce carbon emissions. Absorption is one the most established technologies for CO2 capture, yet it suffers from extensive energy regeneration and footprint requirements in offshore operations. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to review and analyze the recent developments in conventional and emerging solvent regeneration technologies, which include a conventional packed-bed column, membrane contactor, microwave heating, flash drum, rotating packed bed, and ultrasonic irradiation process. The conventional packed column and flash drum are less complex, with minimum maintenance requirements, but suffer from a large footprint. Even though the rotating packed-bed column and microwave heating demonstrate a higher solvent flexibility and process stability, both technologies require regular maintenance and high regeneration energy. Membrane contactor and ultrasonic irradiation absorption systems are compact, but restricted by various operational issues.

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CO2 captured by solid adsorbents is considered one of the promising technologies for carbon capture and sequestration. The sorption equilibria of CO2 on commercial CO2 adsorbents (silica gel and Norit SX2) and synthesized CaO were measured experimentally by using a volumetric method in a temperature range of 0–8 °C, at which CO2 hydrate is stable to form. The CO2 uptake increases with decreasing temperature in silica gel and Norit SX2 on a dry basis; differs in CaO as the adsorption rate of CO2 in calcium-based sorbent is high at higher temperatures. The effect of water content on the samples studied was measured at a temperature of 2 °C on a wet basis. The highest CO2 amount adsorbed was obtained at the lowest value of water ratio studied (R w = 0.03), which is close to CO2 sorption in a dry basis. However, the adsorption capacities on wet synthesized CaO were water-content dependent, of which the highest sorption capacity was obtained at a particular isotherm with a water ratio of 0.67. It can be concluded that CaO has the ability to be further utilized for CO2 separation in the presence of a minute quantity of water.