No abstract

No abstract

Direct current (dc) negative corona discharges in atmospheric pressure helium are simulated via detailed numerical modeling. Simulations are conducted to characterize the discharges in atmospheric helium for a pin plate electrode configuration. A self-consistent two-dimensional hybrid model is developed to simulate the discharges and the model predictions are validated with experimental measurements. The discharge model considered consists of momentum and energy conservation equations for a multi-component (electrons, ions, excited species and neutrals) gas mixture, conservation equations for each component of the mixture and state relations. A drift-diffusion approximation for the electron and the ion fluxes is used. A model for the external circuit driving the discharge is also considered and solved along with the discharge model. Many of the key features of a negative corona discharge, namely non-linear current-voltage characteristics, spatially flat cathode current density and glow-like discharge in the high current regime are displayed in the predictions. A transition to the 'normal' glow discharge from the corona discharge regime is also observed. The transition is identified from the calculated current-voltage characteristic curve and is characterized by the radial growth of the negative glow and the engulfment of the cathode wire.

Abstract.A rapid onset of quadrupole deformation is known to occur around the neutron number 60 in the neutron-rich Zr and Sr isotopes. This shape change has made the neutron-rich A = 100 region an active area of experimental and theoretical studies for many decades now. We report in this contribution new experimental results in the neutron rich 96,98 Sr investigated by safe Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility, CERN. Reduced transition probabilities and spectroscopic quadrupole moments have been extracted from the differential Coulomb excitation cross section supporting the scenario of shape coexistence/change at N=60. Future perspectives are presented including the recent experimental campaign performed at ILL-Grenoble.

At its maximum capacity condition, the 4.5 K refrigerator system for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) accelerator supports a 180 g/s 30 K 1.16 bar cold compressor return flow, a 14 g/s 4.5 K liquefaction load, a 4 kW 4.5 K refrigeration load, and a 20 kW 35-55 K shield load. Five additional design conditions, ranging from liquefaction to refrigeration and a stand-by/reduced load state, were specified for the sizing and selection of its components. The cold box system is comprised of a 300-60 K vertical cold box that incorporates a liquid nitrogen pre-cooler and a 60-4.5 K horizontal cold box housing seven turbines that are configured in four expansion stages including one Joule-Thompson expander. This cold box system, operates using the Ganni-Floating pressure process, automatically adjusting to the linear accelerator (Linac) load with the cold box supply (and compressor discharge) pressure varying from 6 to 21 bar, without introducing additional (artificial) loads or throttling turbine inlet valves (or other exergy loss mechanisms), and with minimal liquid nitrogen usage. This paper will briefly review the salient 4.5 K system design features and discuss the recent commissioning results.