CYCADS* Macrozamin was shown by Cooper (1940) to be the toxic principle of Macroxamia spiralis Miq., a New South Wales cycad. It was later obtained from the Western Australian M. reidlei C. A. Gard. (Lythgoe and Riggs 1949) and shown to be I or I1 (Langley, Lythgoe, and Riggs 1951).

No abstract

The seeds of Lupinus varius L. (Leguminosae), used in parts of Western Australia as sheep fodder, contain an alkaloid LV-1, C15H22ON2 (0.20 per cent.), (+)-epilupinine (0.13 per cent.), (+)-epilupinine-N-oxide (0.94 per cent.), and traces of an alkaloid LV-2. The N-oxide represents the first reported natural occurrence of such a compound in the lupinine group.

Each of the species named in the title has yielded (+)-usnic acid, as found in previous investigations in other parts of the world. Other aromatic constituents isolated, except salazinic acid from Parmelia conspersa differ from those previously reported and include a new compound from P. conspersa. It is suggested that usnaric acid, previously obtained from Usnea spp. but unidentified, was a mixture of salazinic and norstictic acids. D-Mannitol or D-arabitol has been isolated from the water-soluble fractions.

Definite increases in rate of reaction between aryliodoso acetates and N-arylacetamides occur when electron-releasing groups are introduced into the N-arylacetamide nucleus, the Arrhenius A and E parameters decreasing simultaneously; electron-attracting substituents cause the reverse effects. Small, erratic changes in rate and the Arrhenius parameters accompany substitution in the aryliodoso nucleus. N-Methylation of aceto-p-toluidide inhibits the reaction completely. Possible mechanisms are briefly discussed.