Background: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was applied to study the impact of human activities on the bed of River Benue, the second largest river in NigeriAtomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) method is most commonly being used due to its reproducibility of results, short analysis time, cost effective, lower level detection and hyphenated in nature.a. Sediments were collected at four distinct stations designated ST1 – ST4 representing areas impacted by various contaminants to different degrees. The sediments are generally slightly alkaline with pH value ranging from 7.98 - 8.53. The concentrations (mg/kg) of 7 metallic elements of environmental implications which includes Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe Mn, and Zn were determined. Mean level of metal pollutants of toxicological concern Cd and Pb were 0.05 and 1.26 mg/kg. The decrease in concentrations of the metals across sampling stations followed this sequence Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd. Levels of all under studied metallic contaminant were significantly higher in samples from station S4 followed by S1 compared to S2 and S3 with lower degree of human activities. Levels of metals associated with the exchangeable, reducible, oxidisable and residual fractions ranged from 0.083 to 199.959; 0.037 to 219.118; 0.040 to 168.850 and 0.037 to 116.409 respectively. The mobility factor of cadmium in all the sample stations ranges from 28.06 – 69.27 mg/kg. The high value of Cd and Zn in the exchangeable fraction could indicate high mobility rate and readily availability of these metals for uptake by aquatic organisms. The aim of the study was therefore to assess the impact of metallic contaminants on the sediment, evaluate the pollution status of the sediments by the application of geoaccumulation index and their mobility rate. Aim: The concentrations in mg/kg of six heavy metals of environmental implications which includes Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer PG Instrument Model AA090M046. Methods: Soil and sediments samples were collected at four distinct stations, designated ST1-ST4 which represents areas impacted by human activities on the bank and bed of River Benue, the second largest river in Nigeria. The mean concentrations of Cd and Pb (0.05 mg/kg and 1.26 mg/kg) were of toxicological concern. The decrease in concentrations of the metals across sampling stations followed this sequence Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd. The concentration of all heavy metals studied were significantly high in samples from station S4 and S1 compared to S2 and S3. Levels of metals associated with the exchangeable, reducible, oxidisable and residual fractions ranged from 0.083 mg/kg to 199.959 mg/kg; 0.037 mg/kg to 219.118 mg/kg; 0.040 mg/kg to 168.850 mg/kg and 0.037 mg/kg to 116.409 mg/kg respectively. Results: The soil and sediments were slightly alkaline with pH values ranging from 7.98 - 8.53. The mobility factor of cadmium in all the sample stations ranges from 28.06 – 69.27 mg/kg. The high value of Cd and Zn in the exchangeable fraction could indicate high mobility rate and readily availability of these metals for uptake by aquatic organisms. Conclusion: The aim of the study was therefore to assess the impact of metallic contaminants on the sediment, evaluate the pollution status of the sediments by the application of geoaccumulation index and their mobility rate.

Aims: To investigate and evaluate trace elements concentration in soils and bioaccumulation on food crops grown on agricultural fields around galena mine area, Wukari, north eastern Nigeria. Study Design: The studied area is situated in the northwestern part of Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, North-East Nigeria. The hydrology of the area is conducive for the cultivation of crops and fresh water for fishing. The soils and food crops samples were collected in the month of May, 2018. Methodology: Edible parts of plants such as leaf, stem and seed were collected from Soybeans (Glycine max), Guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor), Millet (Penniselum typhoides), Spinach (Amaranthus) and Tomato (Lycosipinus esculentum). A 1.00 g of the finely ground soil samples were digested with 10 mL of aqua regia (a mixture of 1:3 HNO3/HCl v/v) at 70°C on hot plate for 3 hours in a fume hood and 1.00 g of each sieved plant samples were digested with 10 mL mixture of HNO3: HCIO4 in the ratio 5:1 at 90°C for 30 minutes in a fume cupboard. Results: The concentrations (µg/g DW) of the trace elements in soil are in the order Mn > Fe > Se > Pb > Cr > Cu > Al > As. The bio-accumulation of trace elements in all food crops were in the range: Se (0.250 – 20.88 µg/g DW), Al (0.250 – 0.980 µg/g DW), As (0.070 – 0.620 µg/g DW) and Pb (0.020 – 0.090 µg/g DW). Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn concentrations in food crops were above FAO/WHO permissible limits of 2.30, 40.0, 0.30, 500 µg/g DW respectively. Conclusion: The Health Risk Index of As, Cr and Fe in spinach and Guinea corn were > 1. The study revealed that food crops grown on farmlands around mining areas are not safe for consumption.