Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds, derived from marine organisms, originate from symbiosis between marine sponges and cyanobacteria or bacteria. PBDEs have broad biological spectra; therefore, we analyzed structure and activity relationships of PBDEs to determine their potential as anticancer or antibacterial lead structures, through reactions and computational studies. Six known PBDEs (1–6) were isolated from the sponge, Lamellodysdiea herbacea; 13C NMR data for compound 6 are reported for the first time and their assignments are confirmed by their theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts (RMSE <4.0 ppm). Methylation and acetylation of 1 (2, 3, 4, 5-tetrabromo-6-(3′, 5′-dibromo-2′-hydroxyphenoxy) phenol) at the phenol functional group gave seven molecules (7–13), of which 10, 12, and 13 were new. New crystal structures for 8 and 9 are also reported. Debromination carried out on 1 produced nine compounds (1, 2, 14, 16–18, 20, 23, and 26) of which 18 was new. Debromination product 16 showed a significant IC50 8.65 ± 1.11; 8.11 ± 1.43 µM against human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Compounds 1 and 16 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae with MID 0.078 µg/disk. The number of four bromine atoms and two phenol functional groups are important for antibacterial activity (S. aureus and K. pneumoniae) and cytotoxicity (HEK293T). The result was supported by analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). We also propose possible products of acetylation and debromination using analysis of FMOs and electrostatic charges and we confirm the experimental result.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of authentic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and examine the role of psychological empowerment and quality of working life (QWL) as mediation in the construction of proposed relationships. Design/Methods/Approach: This study adopts a quantitative method by conducting cross-sectional surveys of multi-sectoral employees in Jakarta, and Surabaya, resulting in 271 respondents. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation models with SmartPLS 3.0 and tested with hierarchical component models or second-order constructs. Findings: The findings of this study show that QWL and psychological empowerment are important variables in mediating the effects of authentic leadership to encourage employees to be willing to demonstrate OCB in the work environment. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the role of psychological empowerment and QWL mediation variables in mediating the indirect influence of authentic leadership on OCB in the Indonesian context. The findings from this study provide theoretical insights and practical implications for authentic leadership in organizations, as well as the foundation for continuous research into QWL and psychological empowerment that may have a solid direct influence and full mediation role on employees’ OCB. Practical/Policy implication: Given the results, human resource managers must try their best to fulfill aspects of the quality of working life and increase employee psychological empowerment. Because both variables play an important role in determining the positive effect of authentic leadership on the OCB of employees in the organization