No abstract

The article deals with the «GP» geo-composite drainage material, which is used in hydro-technical, civil, as well as environmental, industrial and landscape construction. This material is intended for complex application, as a separating, filtering and reinforcing layer in the structures of protective dams on rivers, reservoirs, channels, an earth work of linear transport constructions (automobile and railway facilities) and other hydraulic engineering constructions. It is a combined geo-synthetic material, including a rigid geo-grid of the lattice structure and a filtering geotextile element. As a result of the carried out researches, its basic physical and mechanical characteristics have been established: tensile strength, surface density of geotextile and the material, relative elongation at maximum load, filtration coefficient normal to the material level.

Calculations of the main characteristics of the conducting network of the drainage and irrigation system are given. The method of hydraulic calculation of the conducting network of the trapezoidal cross-section to be reconstructed is presented. The following data are taken as the initial data: the depth of the flow, the area of the live section, the wetted perimeter, the slope of the channel bed, the roughness coefficient. In this case, the roughness coefficient should be specified according to the reference data, taking into account the state of the riverbed. The following channel parameters are subject to calculation: hydraulic radius, Shezi coefficient, average flow rate and water flow rate. Based on the results of the calculations, average flow rates and water consumption are given in a tabular form, and graphs of the dependencies are constructed. The method for determining water losses from main channels in the earth bed includes the determination of the weighted average filtration coefficient of the ground base according to surveys (drilled wells), the calculation of free filtration, and then taking into account the close occurrence of UGV at a depth of 0.3-2.5 m, the propped filtration is determined according to SP 100.13330.2016 and the efficiency of the channels is calculated. Based on the results of hydraulic calculations of the main channels of the drainage and irrigation system, the main hydraulic characteristics for the main channel of the MC are obtained at the roughness coefficients for the morphostore 1 n = 0.030 and for morphostore 2 n = 0.040. For the main channel MC2, the characteristics are obtained at n = 0.040 and n = 0.030, which differ significantly from each other. For the main channel MC2, the characteristics are obtained at n = 0.040 and n = 0.030. For the main drainage collector of the gas turbine engine, the results of the hydraulic parameters are given at n = 0.040, n = 0.055 morphostvora 4. According to the results of filtration calculations, the values of fi ltration losses from the main channels were obtained for propped filtration, when the UGV is in the range of 0.3-2.5 m, the efficiency of the main channel was h = 0.971 ìê , what exceeds the standard value for the joint venture 100.13330.2016 – h = 0.90 íîð . The summary results of filtration calculations are presented.

The article discusses the results of studies of new types of geocomposite materials used for anti-filtration and drainage purposes in hydraulic engineering and environmental protection construction. As the main elements, the presented geocomposite materials include various types of synthetic materials – bentonite mats and profiled geomembrane. A distinctive feature of these materials is the inclusion of additional elements of geotextile material or polymer geomembrane in their design, these elements are connected to the main element by thermal bonding. As a result, the combined geocomposite materials acquire new properties: they become more waterproof and durable. At the same time, waterproof materials are used for anti-filtration systems (as screens and coverings for canals, ponds, dams and various types of waste collectors), and previous material are used for drainage systems (as drainage in hydraulic and civil engineering). New types of geocomposite materials have improved properties on water resistance and water permeability (filtration coefficient), durability and strength.

Introduction. The co-authors have analyzed different reasons for the reduction of the hydraulic efficiency of irrigation channels comprising hydro-technical reclamation systems. The main factors include plant invasion, siltation and deformation of beds. The co-authors provide data describing changes in the values of bed roughness ratios and efficiency of main and distributary channels in the process of operation in the south of Russia. Materials and methods. The hydraulic efficiency of irrigation and drainage systems will be called the pro-vision of their high throughput, close to the design, with minimal losses. They are based on throughput capacity and efficiency values, acceptable flow rates and water losses due to the process of filtration. The criteria have been developed in furtherance of the analysis of operation of irrigation channels and previous studies. Results. Factors reducing throughput capacity and channel efficiency have been identified for normal operating conditions; dependences needed to identify other hydraulic efficiency factors are also provided. Based on the analysis of actual data, the efficiency of main canals in the earthen bed is 0,790, and for canals in the cladding — 0,870, which is significantly lower than the re-quirements of the norms. Computer assisted processing of the field data on roughness and channel efficiency ratios, obtained under normal conditions, was performed to obtain empirical dependences n = f(Q) and η = f(Q). The field data describing changes in the throughput capacity of linings and earth beds of irrigation channels exposed to significant plant invasions (vegetation and algae) are provided for comparison purposes. The influence of these factors is demonstrated in the photos and proven by the values of roughness ratios that are two to four times different from the design ones. Conclusions. Comparison of the roughness coefficients for 15 canals and sections with strong overgrowth with the design data indicates that for canals in the earthen channel their roughness increases by 2.5...4.0 times, and for canals in the lining — 1.7...2.5 times. Weedy bed roughness ratios were obtained by applying theoretical formulas and the field data, their comparison has demonstrated close convergence in respect of three channels, including Nizhne-Donskoy and Azovsky main channels, as well as distributary channel Bg-R-7.