Московский технологический университет (Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова), Москва 119571, Россия @ Автор для переписки, e-mail: tarasenko_a@mirea.ru В работе изучались свойства бутадиен-нитрильных каучуков, полученных различными способами синтеза и выделения из латекса, и резин на их основе. С помощью метода Оуэнса-Вендта-Рабеля-Каелбле была определена свободная поверхностная энергия образцов. Было показано, что на поверхностную энергию эластомерных материалов оказывают влияние некаучуковые компоненты, содержание и природа которых определяется способом получения и выделения каучука из латекса, а также число нитрильных групп в макромолекуле каучука.Была изучена кинетика вулканизации резиновых смесей на основе исследуемых каучуков. Показано, что резиновые смеси на основе каучуков, содержащих остаточный эмульгатор, вулканизуются дольше. Изучены упруго-прочностные свойства и сделан вывод о том, что резины на основе бутадиен-нитрильных каучуков, синтезированных различными способами при одинаковом содержании связанной нитрилакриловой кислоты, обладают разными физико-механическими свойствами и не могут быть взаимозаменяемыми без изменения рецептуры и технологических параметров их переработки.Ключевые слова: бутадиен-нитрильный каучук, свободная поверхностная энергия, метод ОВРК, поверхностные свойства, физико-механические свойства полимеров.The properties of butadiene-nitrile rubbers obtained by various methods of synthesis and isolation from latex and rubbers based on them were studied in the article. The surface free energy of samples was determined using the Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble method. It was shown that the surface energy of elastomeric materials is affected 1) by non-rubber components, the content and nature of which are determined by the method of obtaining and isolating rubber from latex and 2) by the number of nitrile groups in the rubber macromolecule. The kinetics of vulcanization of rubber compounds based on the investigated rubbers has been studied. It was shown that rubber compounds based on rubbers containing a residual emulsifier are vulcanized longer. Elastic-strength properties were studied, and it was concluded that rubbers based on butadienenitrile rubbers synthesized by various methods with the same content of bound nitrilacrylic acid have different physico-mechanical properties and cannot be used interchangeably without changing the formulation and technological parameters of their processing.

The effect of non-polymeric components of a rubber mixture on the surface properties of butadienestyrene rubber obtained by solution polymerization was studied in the article. As non-polymeric components, ingredients widely used in the practice of the rubber industry were introduced into the rubber: fillers, surfactants of various types, and also sulfur - as a vulcanization agent. The surface free energy of the samples, a quantitative characteristic of the surface properties, was determined using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method. It has been found that the surface properties of elastomeric compositions depend significantly on the solubility of the ingredients of the rubber composition and their adsorption properties. It has been shown that the most significant influence on the surface energy of butadiene-styrene rubber is exerted by the filler, on the surface of which rubber adsorption does not occur. The effect of surfactants on the surface energy of rubber compounds is different and depends on the nature of the surfactant. A partially soluble component - sulfur - in small quantities does not affect the surface energy of rubber samples. However, if it is present in the system in quantities greater than the solubility limit, it significantly reduces the surface free energy of the samples.

Objectives. The influence of the technological additive content and accelerated aging conditions on the surface energy and elastic-strength properties of nitrile butadiene rubbers with an average acrylic acid nitrile content and rubbers based on them were studied in the paper.Methods. The free surface energy of the samples was determined under the standard conditions and in the accelerated aging conditions with the use of the Owens, Wendt, Rabel, and Kaelble method.Results. It was shown that the elastomeric materials surface energy is influenced by surfactants such as rosin and stearic acid, which are typical ingredients of rubber compounds. It was also found that the thermal aging effect on the physical and mechanical properties of rubbers based on nitrile butadiene rubbers depends on the method of rubber isolation from latex and on the nature of the surfactant components in the samples.Conclusions. The analysis of the results obtained shows that the change in the vulcanizates physical and mechanical properties, depending on the technological additive content and the temperature effect, occurs along with a change in the critical surface tension.

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