No abstract

Стаття присвячена удосконаленню методу виявлення спектральних аномалій на зображеннях, що спостерігаються за допомогою оптико-електронної системи. Під спектральною аномалією слід розуміти область невеликого розміру на зображенні, спектральні відмінності пікселів якої суттєво відрізняються від оточуючої її околиці. Було проведено аналіз відомих методів виявлення спектральних аномалій та обґрунтована доцільність використання методу на основі інформаційної міри віддаленості один від одного ймовірнісних розподілів – інформаційної дивергенції Кульбака-Лейблера.

The issues discussed in this paper provide for further development of studies in the sphere of imaging spectroscopy and laser vision. In terms of forming the information fields (radiation fields), the electro-optical systems are subdivided into the passive and active ones. Passive electro-optical systems use the information fields formed by natural radiation sources, whereas the active ones suggest using artificial sources. Comparative analysis of mathematical and physical issues of designing the electro-optical systems with dynamic spectral processing of optical radiation of the passive and active types has been performed. It has been shown that the controlled dynamic spectral processing of optical radiation can be implemented within the passive and active electro-optical systems on the basis of the same algorithm that represents operation of the optical processor performing the mathematical operation of dot product. The authors have developed the block diagram of an active electro-optical system with dynamic spectral processing. The algorithm for optimal detection of optical signals has been developed using basics of the signal detection theory. Mathematical modeling of target detection against an inhomogeneous background has been performed. It has been shown that the optimal dynamic spectral processing of optical radiation in active electro-optical system enables to separate the desired optical signal by suppressing the background signal.

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The process of dynamic spectral processing of optical radiation in the active electro-optical system that provides enhancement of the contrast of the image target has been experimentally researched. A routine of experiment and a diagram of an experimental setup have been developed. The sources of optical radiation in the transmitting part of the active electro-optical system were three semiconductor lasers operating in the ranges of the red, green, and blue spectral regions. Absorption optical filters were used in the experiment as the elements simulating the spectral properties of the reflecting surfaces of the target and the background. To enhance the contrast of the target image, the spectral composition of the laser radiation is formed to provide maximum suppression of the background signal with minimum attenuation of the optical signal of the object. When forming the spectral density of the laser radiation intensity, a priori information about the spectral characteristics of the target and the background has been used. The results obtained in the course of the experiment confirm the possibility to separate the target signal from the background interferences due to using the dynamic spectral processing of optical radiation in the active electro-optical system.