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This research presents a correlation regression analysis of the impact of transport provision characteristics on the efficiency of the regional transportation system of the Russian regions. The research showed that the scope of cargo turnover in million tons per kilometer produces the largest positive impact on the efficiency of the regional transportation system. Another significant positive factor is the volume of investment into capital assets of the relevant organizations. Apparently, the growth of capital investment into basic production assets allows increasing the cargo turnover of transportation companies, which is reflected on the scope of transportation services per capita. At the same time, the growth of passenger turnover (million passengers per kilometer) leads to a decrease in the resulting index. In our opinion, this can be due to competition within a sector. Specifically, a high level of roads loading, including with public transport, leads to an increase of unproductive loss of working time for business, delays and, consequently, reduced volume of goods turnover.