This paper presents the effective management of handover process in mobile communication networks, aims to determine effective utilization of signaling channels in mobile communication network to avoid incessant of handover drop calls in the mobile network. Data were obtained from the Operation and Maintenance Centre (OMC). Analytical method known as Markovian chain analysis of continuous time and discrete space was used in the modeling, of handover blocking probability in mobile communication network. In addition, it was validated using MATLAB software. The causes of handover calls failure were analysis in network B. It was observed that handover blocking probability increases as the number of offered traf ic load in erlang increases with a given number of transmission channels (V+g). Handover call blocking probability traf ic model performance of the system is function of offered traf ic in erlang and number of transmission channels (P b = f(A,(V+g)). The handover blocking probability decreases, as both number of transmission channels (V+g) and traf ic load in erlang increase. In order, to obtain satisfactory handover blocking probability the number of channels must be increased in proportion to offered traf ic load in erlang.

This study presents the analysis of energy revenue and electrical power losses in distribution network, aimed to determine the energy losses on power distribution system. The 11kV power transmission line at Ujokuen community feeding to Benson Idahosa University was investigated. The following data were obtained as follow: energy delivered, energy billing, total cash amount, billed collected and correspond percentage. From the research work various technical power losses associated with power distribution network were determined and their effect on energy delivered and energy billing and corresponding difference under the area of investigation. It was observed that energy delivered is not constant or linear for the year 2013. The comparison of energy delivered and energy billed for various years were determined. It was observed that there is decreased in energy delivered and energy billed from 2013 to 2015 and the system witnessed a slightly increase of energy delivered and energy billed from 2016 to 2018. The energy level differentials are due to copper losses, energy theft and core loss.

In this paper, we investigate the possible effect of ostentatious (flash) calls in mobile communication networks (GSM) in Nigeria. The GSM network consists of physical and logical channels used to convey digit information signal from one network element to another. The Globacom network in Nigeria was investigated in a period of one year duration. An average traffic data (A-interface MSC) were collected from the OMC-network element. Also, it was observed from the result analysis that complete calls which is a major factor in revenue generation consist of both answer calls with 42 percentage and unanswered calls with 58 percentages. These unanswered calls are made up of both redial calls and ostentatious (flash) calls which are transmitted through the limited transmission channels without financial benefit accrue to the mobile communication operators. It were deduced from investigation that the traffic in erlang for average number of unanswered calls in 1 hour is 4151.92 erlang and one (1) call is 0.0023 erlang. In this paper, we highlighted the possible effects of unanswered calls, solutions of reducing the high number of unanswered calls and reduction in unanswered calls will leads to remarkable low number of block calls experience in the Mobile Communication network (GSM).

Abstract-This study presents the effective utilization of mobile call center using queuing models. Aim at achieving effective utilization (management) of queue in service delivery in mobile communication network call center and other relative public infrastructures. Data were obtained from MTN, Globacom, Airtel (Zain) and Estisalat (mobile communication operators) in Nigeria network call centers for a period of one year, and one agent or staff was considered in this analysis. Analytical mathematical models of queue theory were developed, which is based on Markov chain analysis of continuous time and discrete space, are used to model the effective utilization of mobile call center (public infrastructures) based on arrival calls (or rate of subscribers) and service rate. These following parameters were determined which includes; the mean number of customer in service or being served (Ls), the mean number of customer in a waiting queue (Lq), the mean waiting time of customers in the queue (Wq), The mean waiting time of customers in the system (W) (also called sojourn time) and system utilization (p).It is observed that increase in capacity, such as increase in the number of staff (servers) will leads to under utilization of the system, increase in idleness time from the staff. However, if there are low capacities due to low number of staff, it will lead to increase waiting time of the customer.Index Terms-Call arrival center, modeling, performance and queue theory.

This paper is focused on traffic modeling in Mobile Communication networks. This research is aimed at developing a traffic models that will predict a blocking probability for voice calls and handover calls blocking probability in mobile communication networks (GSM). The high number of block calls experience in mobile network, especially during the Busy Hour (BH) has leads to poor Quality of Service (QOS) delivering in mobile network. These block calls experience in mobile network should be reduced to a certain low values (2% value in line with NCC recommended standard), to ensure good QOS. The developed traffic models are focused on new voice calls within the cell, handover calls in and out of a cell. The developed traffic models are designed based on the numbers of channels, partition into two segments in a cell network. The cell technology is homogenous in nature; therefore it is applicable to the entire mobile communication system. The analytical method is deployed, and the collection of traffic data with equipment know as the Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC-counter) which is in built in the mobile communication network is used. The OMC-counter runs on Linux operation software, which helps to capture the number of arrival calls and service time in a specified interval. The arrival rate is assumed to be Poisson and the service time is also, assumed to be exponentially distributed and independence identical distributed. These parameters are used in the development of the traffic models. The developed traffic models are blocking probability for voice calls and handover blocking probability for handover calls. These developed (propose) traffic models are validated using MATLAB (version 7.6.3. 325) program and compared with the conventional Erlang B for accuracy. These traffic models are used to manage the block calls experience in the mobile network. Also used in a balance relationship between cost incurred in mobile communication by operators and service render to the mobile communication subscribers.Keywords: Arrival rate, service time, exponential distribution, traffic model and traffic load in erlang. INTRODUTIONThe mobile communication network is faced with serious challenges to ensure good Quality of Service (QOS).The Good QOS in mobile communication network is necessary at this, presence economic situation of global economic meltdown and competitive business environment with low tariff. In order to survive in this present economic situation, the network operators must put into consideration the effective use of their available resources (channels), which leads to effective network design and network planning.These major parameters used for effective network design and network planning are blocking probability, handover blocking probability, Utilization etc. The block probability is used, to control the number of block calls experience in the mobile network and this block calls arises from lack of network capacity (transmission channels) to accommodate or carry all the calls at a particular po...