The problem of conservation and reproduction of soil fertility by using unconventional organic fertilizers, particularly the replacement of the mineral nitrogen fertilizer to its organic form is discussed. The growth of the livestock industry lays the groundwork for the recovery of meat processing industry waste of horned ungulate crumbs (HAC) as fertilizer for inter-tilled crops. HAC contains about 14% nitrogen. Experiments on the application of HAC as a nitrogen fertilizer and sorption-type ameliorant – zeolite-containing tripoli were organized in 2012-2016 in the crop rotation link on the light gray forest soil of the experimental field of the FSBEI HE Chuvash State Agricultural Academy, Chuvash Republic. In this paper, the effect of the HAC-form on the optimization of nitrogen nutrition of the studied crops both separately and for tripoli having phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers is studied. The positive effect of HAC and tripoli on the growth and development of potato and fodder beet plants, soil biological activity, leaf surface area, yield and quality indicators of potato tubers and fodder beet root crops both in the first year when fertilizers are applied and in their aftereffect in the second year for barley yield was revealed. The study materials contribute to the practical solution of the problem of the recovery of meat processing industry waste and rational use of resources in the fertilizer system, being a guide to energy and resource conservation in agriculture.

The article presents three-year data on the productivity of spring durum wheat varieties in the European continental climate, in order to select the most promising of them and determine the possibilities of breeding and technological adaptation in the region. The experiment involved five varieties of spring durum wheat as B 200, B 205, B 209, B Niva, and Luch 25 taken from Russian Middle Volga regions. Indicators of the best productive bushiness were noted in varieties B Niva and B 209. It was found that the number and weight of seeds in the ear, depending on the variety, varied proportionally to the length of the ear. The best indicators of the structure of the crop were established in varieties B 209 and B Niva. The weight of 1000 seeds was 42.32 to 53.3 g for different varieties of durum wheat. Taking into account the biological yield, the advantage of the variety B Niva over the control variant was revealed. The best formation of grain gluten was observed in agroclimatic conditions in 2015 and 2016: for three years the best indicators of gluten was on average 30.4 %and 29.95%, respectively, for varieties B Niva and B 200.

The paper considers the issues of preserving and expanding the reproduction of soil fertility for obtaining high yields of agricultural crops, identifies ways to solve the problem of ecologizing the agricultural landscape by introducing horny hoofed crumbs as an alternative to the mineral form of nitrogen fertilizer and zeolite-containing tripoli as a sorption-type soil improver, as in direct action, and aftereffect. The results of the study revealed the role of the applied fertilizers in increasing the leaf surface area of potato and fodder beet plants, led to an increase in the biological activity of the soil, contributed to the improvement of the quality indicators of the obtained products (dry matter content, nitrates), increased the productivity of cultivated row crops, as in the year of fertilization and endured, and in the aftereffect on barley. The conducted bioenergetic assessment of the studied fertilizers and zeolite-containing tripoli against the background of phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers determined the most effective options with the use of horn-hoofed crumbs and tripoli, both independently and when applied together.

досліджували стійкість до борошнистої роси пшенично-чужорідних гібридів і батьківських форм. Високу стійкість показали неповні пшенично-пирійні амфіплоїди. За схрещування зі сприйнятливими до хвороби сортами пшениці гібриди виявилися гетерогенними за стійкістю до гриба-від середньо чутливих до стійких. Найбільш стійкі форми виявлені в комбінаціях схрещування Жатва Алтая х НАд 2 і НАд 1 х Жатва Алтая. Виявлено реципрокні ефекти щодо стійкості до борошнистої роси за схрещування пшениці Жатва Алтая з НАд 1. Стійкість до хвороби суттєво залежала від погодних умов року випробувань. Ключові слова: пшениця, пшенично-чужорідні амфіплоїди, віддалена гібридизація, борошниста роса, резистентність.

The paper states that the research carried out during 2020-2021 revealed the optimal dose of sapropel application for agricultural crops in light grey forest soils, i.e., 30 t/ha. The combined use of sapropel and azofoska took the maximum direct effect and aftereffect in the variant (sapropel at a dose of 15 t/ha and azofoska at a dose of 200 kg/ha). The authors showed a positive role of sapropel not only as a source of plant nutrition elements but also as a stimulator of plant growth and development. The separate application of sapropel not only stimulates the development of cultivated plants but also increases the concentration of nutrients in the soil. However, it is insufficient to obtain high yields. The addition of azophoska to sapropel eliminates the lack of plant nutrients in the soil, as a result of which the maximum yield of agricultural crops is achieved. The use of fertilizers had a positive effect on the main indicators of soil fertility such as the content of organic matter, nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium in pH values of exchangeable acidity.