A b s t r a c tTraditional obtaining of inbred lines and hybrids in sugar beet breeding requires a long time and is labour-consuming because of 2-year cycle of plant development, self-and cross-incompatibility, and inbreeding depression. To induce genotypic diversity in initial population, biotechnology methods including haploid parthenogenesis are promising. We have shown that, when inducing sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) haploids in vitro, express-diagnostics using phenotypic and embryological characters that are representative of periods of flowering shoots, organs and buds development, and stages of embryo sac, ovule and pollen grains formation is effective. The regenerative activity is observed in ovules of bud 1 to bud 25 located on ear part of pleochasium upward from the open flower. The nuclei and cells of female gametophyte of isolated ovules under in vitro conditions are capable of neoplasm at all stages of development, but the 8-nuclear or 7-celled embryo sacs are the most appropriate to morphogenesis and switching of development program from gametophyte to sporophyte type. Critical period of embryo sac development has been beforehand determined from the accompanying embryological characters -the presence of single-nuclear and two-three-celled pollen grains of anthers located in the same bud as ovules. The results we obtained indicate that hormonal composition of the Gamborg's B-5 (B5) medium is an important factor that effectively regulates direction of morphogenetic development in isolated ovules through direct regeneration (embryoidogenesis) or via callus (hemorhizogenesis) that is the evidence of totipotency of both sexual and somatic cells in the explant. The obtained data on in vitro reproduction of haploid regenerants add to available scientific notion of morphogenetic potential specificity in sugar beet plants. Stabilizing selection used to produce double haploids promotes detection of valuable morphological features of the regenerants. Determination of chromosome and chloroplast numbers in stomata guard cells as well as isozyme electrophoretic mobility (for Adh-1, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Me-1, Idh-1, Idh-2, Gdh-1 loci) can serve as markers when inducing haploidy and producing homozygous restitution lines of sugar beet. Efficiency of RFLP-analysis method using Hind III restrictase that has allowed for the first time to identify haploid microclones according cytoplasm type is shown. Molecular markers have indicated that regenerants with normal cytoplasm (N) have one PCR-product of 800 bp in length not digested by Hind III. Two fragments (320 bp and 480 bp) of 800 bp product digestion are found in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) forms (S) that reflects combination of recessive and dominant genes. Obtaining haploid regenerants with sterile cytoplasm from initial population is of great theoretical and practical importance for sugar beet breeding thus facilitating the problem of producing homozygous lines with CMS and high-productive hybrids on the sterile basis.Keywords: sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) haploid ...

В обзоре проанализированы результаты собственных исследований авторов, проводимых на протяже-нии 15 лет, и данные литературы, касающиеся методов определения активности и изоферментного спектра пероксидаз различного происхождения. Эксперименты по определению активности и изоферментного спек-тра пероксидаз выполнены с использованием культурального фильтрата корневой губки различных штаммов (heterobasidion annosum (fr.) bref.), почек дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.), листьев вяза обыкновенного (Ulmus laevis L.), микроклонов карельской березы (betula pendula roth var carelica Merkl.) и березы повис-лой (betula pendula roth), а также вейгелы цветущей «вариегата» (Weigela florida «Variegata» bunge A.D.C.), хвои сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.), трансгенных растений сахарной свеклы (beta vulgaris L.), сыворотки крови людей, больных артериальной гипертензией. Описаны буферные системы, субстратные смеси, применяемые для определения активности пероксидаз. Проанализированы кинетические параметры пероксидаз растительного и грибного происхождения в отношении бензидина, пирокатехина, 2,2-азинобис-(3-этилбензотиазолин-6-сульфоновой) кислоты. Установлена специфичность действия буфера Мак-Ильвейна на фермент корневой губки (heterobasidion annosum): активность пероксидазы в буферной среде повышается в 9,7 раз по сравнению с культуральным фильтратом. Приведены сравнительные результаты исследований по выявлению изоферментного спектра пероксидаз в окрашивающих смесях бензидина, 1-нафтола, гваякола, о-дианизидина. На примере хвои сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) и листьев вяза (Ulmus laevis L.) по-казано влияние условий экстракции (длительность, компоненты экстрагирующего буфера) на активность пе-роксидазы. Показаны различия в изоферментном спектре пероксидаз трансгенных растений сахарной свеклы (beta vulgaris L.) в условиях in vitro. Описана методика выявления типов гаптоглобина человека в сыворотке крови больных артериальной гипертензией с использованием усовершенствованного способа анализа. Пред-полагается, что 1-нафтол является субстратом для пероксидазы, а не цитохром-с-оксидазы. Изоферментные спектры пероксидаз могут быть использованы для выявления видовых различий, стадий регенерации расте-ний, онтогенетического возраста растений, стрессового воздействия. Предложен модифицированный способ определения активности и выявления изоферментного спектра пероксидазы, заключающийся в использовании субстратных смесей с рН равным 7.0 вместо применяемых в настоящее время систем с рН равным 2,0.Ключевые слова: пероксидаза, оптимум рН, субстраты, изоформы, окрашивающие смеси, модификации COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Of ThE METhODS USED TO DETERMINE ThE ACTIVITY AND ISOZYME SPECTRUM Of DIffERENT ORIgIN PEROXIDASES Zemlyanukhina O.A., Kalaev V.N., Voronina V.S. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of High Vocational Training «Voronezh State University», Voronezh, e-mail: oz54@mail.ruThe results of research conducted over 15 years are analyzed in the review. Also literature data on methods of determining the activity and i...

This research was conducted to study the content and phenotypes of haptoglobin and their correlation to the differential leukocyte count in healthy Red-motley Holstein calves (n = 30). The blood samples from calves were taken through puncture of the jugular vein on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after birth. Differential leukocyte count was analyzed by manual enumeration. Serum haptoglobin content was determined by spectrophotometry (UV-1700 Shimadzu, Japan). Haptoglobin phenotypes were studied using gel electrophoresis. Serum haptoglobin content in calves on day 1 after birth was 3.8 ± 0.7 g/L, on day 7 was 3.5 ± 0.7 g/L, and on days 14 and 28 was 1.9 ± 1.0 and 3.9 ± 0.3 g/L, respectively. The haptoglobin phenotype Hp2-2 was found in 57.6% of calves, while phenotypes Hp2-1 and Hp1-1(?) were found in 30.0% and 13.3% of the examined animals, respectively. The serum concentrations of haptoglobin in calves with phenotypes Hp2-2, Hp2-1, and Hp1-1(?) did not differ. Calves with phenotype Hp2-2 were characterized by the greatest variability in the indicators of neutrophil content and lymphocyte content and their age-related changes. Animals with phenotype Hp2-1, on the contrary, showed the greatest stability of differential leukocyte count in the neonatal period.

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The phytin (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacystichydrophosphoric acid) content was studied in the endosperm of five species of Juglans grown in the Central Russian Upland conditions: 1) Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.); 2) Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim); 3) heartnut (Juglans cordiformis Maxim); 4) grey walnut (Juglans cinerea L.); 5) black walnut (Juglans nigra L). The walnut is shown to have the highest phytin content (31.90±0.67 mg/g wet weight) and a low coefficient of variation (Cv=4.23%). Based on the research, we can conclude that walnut is well adapted to the conditions of the Central Russian Upland and is recommended for the creation of fruit plantations by seed.