Аннотация. Изучены цитогенетические эффекты, индуцируемые у Allium cepa L. (сорт Стурон) антибиотиками бактериостатического действия. Результаты тестирования показали, что доксициклин (100,0 мг/л), рифампицин (30,0 мг/л) и капреомицин (1000,0 мг/л) в тестируемых концентрациях не оказывают существенного негативного влияния на возникновение патологических процессов в клетках. В то же время при применении тетрациклина (20,0 мг/л) возрастает в 2,0 раза количество патологических митозов в клетках, по сравнению с контролем (с 12 до 24%). Тетрациклин индуцировал задержку митоза в метафазе. Сравнение спектра патологических митозов по вариантам опыта показало, что и в контроле, и в опытных вариантах доминирует патология «забегание/отставание хромосом» в анафазе митоза. Однако необходимо учитывать, что снижение функциональной активности кинетохора может возникать не только в патологических, но и в физиологических условиях. Патологию «мосты» регистрировали во всех клетках (около 61% случаев), находящихся на стадиях анафазы и телофазы, только в варианте применения тетрациклина. Следует акцентировать внимание на разную реакцию меристематических клеток корешков лука при действии структурных изомеров, каковыми являются тетрациклин и доксициклин. Ключевые слова: антибиотики, митотическая активность, фазный индекс, патология митоза, Allium cepa, Allium тест.

The research work examines the effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, streptomycin, canamicin, amycatin) and cytokinin 6-BAP on the pathology of mitosis in Allium–Test. Research methods: Allium–test, cytogenetic analysis, statistical analysis. Test results of aminoglycoside antibiotics showed an increase of 1.3–3.0 times pathological mitosis in the cells of meristematic tissue of onion roots compared to control in variants of gentamicin in concentrations of 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l and streptomycin — 150.0 and 1000.0 mg/l. At the same time, the use of kanamycin in concentration of 100.0 and 1000.0 mg/l and amicacin of 500.0 mg/l inhibits pathological processes in cells. When considering phase indices, the induction of aminoglycoside antibiotics of mitosis pathology such as mitosis delay in metaphase is noted, which is related to damage to the mitotic apparatus. In the examination of phase indices, induction of aminoglycoside antibiotics of mitosis pathology such as delay of mitosis in metaphase, which is associated with damage to the mitotic apparatus. The most significant changes in the passage of all major phases of mitosis were recorded in the variant ‘streptomycin, 1000 mg/l’. With the simultaneous use of gentamicin and 6-BAP (at a concentration of 5.0 mg/l) an increase in cells has been revealed with mitosis pathology compared to the corresponding variants, when these substances were used separately. The opposite result was noted in the case of the joint use of cytokinin and streptomycin, when the number of cells with mitosis pathology decreased. The data obtained indicate that the tested aminoglycoside antibiotics, primarily streptomycin at a concentration of 1000.0 mg/l, are able to change the rate of entry of the onion cells common into mitosis and the normal flow of fission processes.

In the work examines the impact of aminoglicoside antibiotics (amicacin, gentamicin, canamicin, streptomycin) and cytokinin 6-BAP on the mitotic activity of cells meristematic tissue of the roots of the onion. Research methods: Allium-test, cytogenetic analysis, statistical analysis. In variants of the experiment using 6-BAP at concentrations of 5.0 mg/l, tested with aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin in concentrations of 50.0 and 100.0 mg/l, and streptomycin in concentrations of 150.0 and 1000.0 mg/l) when microscopic drugs observed in apical meristem in 68.8–88.0% of the appendage roots of onions lack division. Their mitotic index was close to zero and most of the cells were in a profatestate condition. It was established that the tested concentrations of aminoglycoside antibiotics suppressed mitotic activity in the meristematic tissue of the appendages of the onion roots. Considerably, in 1.6–2.5 times MI reduced in variants of application of 6-BAP, gentamicin, streptomycin in concentrations of 1000.0 mg/l, amicacin and canamicin. Increased concentration of gentamicin from 50 mg/l to 100.0 mg/l, streptomycin from 150.0 mg/l to 1000.0 mg/l, canamicin from 100.0 mg/l to 100.0 mg/l doesn’t have a significant negative effect on mitotic activity of meristem cells.

apparatus. It was revealed that all three beta-lactam antibiotics tested had a pronounced statmokinetic effect. At the same time, with the joint use of cefotaxime and Augmentin, k-mitosis was not registered in dividing cells. Comparison of the spectrum of pathological mitoses in the variants of the experiment showed that the pathology 'chromosome runaway/backlog' in anaphase of mitosis dominates in all variants. An increase in the concentration of Augmentin and ampicillin caused the suppression of pathological processes in onion meristematic cells, a decrease in PM values was observed. An increase in Augmentin concentration does not affect the composition and spectrum of pathological mitoses; ampicillin has a decrease in the level of most of the recorded pathologies of mitosis. Ключевые слова: Allium-тест, бета-лактамные антибиотики, патология митоза.