Background: Takayasu's arteritis is a non-specific autoimmune disease affecting large-size blood vessels, with a predilection for the aorta and its major branches. The most characteristic symptoms include absence or decrease of arterial pulses in the arms and CNS-related abnormalities (arm numbness, pain and paresthesia; fatigue; dizziness; syncope; seizures; aphasia; and hemipareses). Purpose: To exemplify the ocular manifestations of Takayasu disease. Materials and Methods: The patient underwent general clinical tests, comprehensive ophthalmological examination, duplex Doppler sonography of carotid and cerebral vessels, and brain MRI. Results and Conclusion: Our case report demonstrates the severity of the course of the disease and that the prognosis for vision and life in patients with Takayasu's arteritis can be unfavorable. Takayasu's arteritis can be seen in young men, with one of the symptoms being ocular alterations (corneal edema, mydriatic pupil, cataract, changes in retinal vessel caliber, retinal edema and ischemia, and reduced blood flow velocity in the ophthalmic artery).

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Purpose The purpose of the study was to inform ophthalmologists about the self‐perforation of the eye in patients with mental disorders based on a clinical case. Methods An overview, biomicroscopy of the ocular surface, ophthalmoscopy examination, ocular X‐ray examination, MRI, general‐clinical studies, consultation with psychiatrist and anesthesiologist. Results A schizophrenic young guy came with his mother in Ophthalmology department, the patient was catatonic and no cooperative, so no history could be obtained. Mother of the patient has noticed bloody discharge on pillow and in lower eyelid of the right eye. External examination O.D: no changes in the eyelid, in the conjunctiva of the lower arch in the internal third there was noticed a limited hemorrhage, trauma of conjunctiva, the mobility of the eyeballs was not disturbed, the bottom part of the face was unchanged . Antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory drops were prescribed (Signicef, Clodifen). On second day O.D: hematoma of the eyelid, chemosis of the conjunctiva, limitation of the eyeball movements, lack of the of the pupil reaction to the light, pallor optic disc, blindness. Under the skin in the projection of superior medial of orbit was palpated a foreign body with diameter 5 mm. O.S: hematoma of lower and upper eyelids and blindness. X‐RAY examination of the orbit: was noticed a foreign body measuring 4 by 2 mm which was localized in projection of the left orbit. MRI: was noticed the shadow of foreign body on the right orbit 4.5 by 0.5 mm which was localized near the inner wall of the orbit and reached its top, as a result damage 2/3rd of the right optic nerve. To the left of the orbit was determined the shadow of foreign body that intersects with the optic nerve. During the surgery half of the plastic pen was removed from the right orbit. On the left orbit was present the end of the pen ball (the other half of the pen) but was decided not to remove it. The psychiatrist found out that the patient had auditory hallucinations which ordered him to scratch his eyes, which he did by the pen. Total damage of the optic nerve of the right eye and damage of the rods on the left eye. Conclusions Patients with mental disorders are able to self‐attack and resulting in loss of the vision. In the absence of the contact the collection of anamnesis and diagnosis the problem it is complicated. In patients suspected of injuries it is recommended to be used all the methods of examinations so not to lose time.

An important problem to date is the dysfunction of meibomian glands in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of our work was to analyze the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction and signs of dry eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined 40 patients (80 eyes) with compensated type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptoms of dry eye disease, who made up the main group at the age of 54.00±8.00 years, and 30 patients (60 eyes) of practically healthy people, aged 51.00±8.00 years. All patients underwent visiometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, compression test to evaluate the secretion of meibomian glands, Schirmer’s test for compression before and after 30 min. Afterwards, Norn test, meibography, Demodex mite test, laboratory tests (lipidogram, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin). In addition, standard OSDI, McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire questionnaires were used and an average clipping rate of1 min was determined. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the license package “Statistica 8.0” using parametric estimation methods. Our study has shown that in patients with diabetes for more than 5 years, dry eye disease occurs more often and is dominated by moderate and severe severity. Each patient in the study group, together with the symptoms of dry eye, had signs of dysfunction of the meibomian glands of varying degrees of severity according to the compression test and objective symptoms of the disease. A significant difference was found between the clipping frequency in the control group and the main one (p≤0.01). Compared with the control group, patients with diabetes have a longer interval between the clipping movements. Meibography data show that patients in the primary group have changes in the meibomian glands in 90% of cases, while in the control group – 44%. Thus, it was found that patients with type 2 diabetes had dysfunction of meibomian glands of moderate severity in 90% of cases, which is associated with the duration of diabetes.