The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rising worldwide. The aim of this prospective epidemiological study was to compare the effects of natural and surgical menopause on parameters of glucose metabolism. In a group of 587 repeatedly examined women, with a baseline age of 45-55 years, the following subgroups of women were separated: those after bilateral oophorectomy (BO, n=37) and those in natural menopause (NAT, n=380) including women menopausal already at baseline (POST, n=89). The study parameters including glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR and beta-cell function using HOMA-β were determined at baseline and 6 years later. Over the study period, there was a marked rise in prediabetic and diabetic values of fasting glycemia; the percentage of women with diabetic values increased in the NAT (from 0.8 % to 3.9 %) and POST (from 2.2 % to 9.0 %) subgroups, with the highest prevalence in the BO subgroup (from 8.1 % to 10.8 %). While, among women with non-diabetic fasting glycemia, an increase in fasting glycemia was observed in all study subgroups, it was more marked in the BO subgroup than in the NAT and POST ones (p=0.02 both). This difference between NAT and BO was also found in the long-term trend of development of glycemia in non-diabetic women (p=0.014). Compared with natural menopause, bilateral oophorectomy may have an adverse effect on glucose metabolism.
Úvod: Ateroskleróza je hlavní příčinou mortality v České republice. V našich předchozích průřezových studiích jsme nalezli vysokou prevalenci metabolických kardiovaskulárních rizikových faktorů u pre-a postmenopauzálních žen a zároveň jsme zjistili, že přechod do menopauzy představuje kritické období, kdy dochází ke zrychlení progrese aterosklerózy. V této longitudinální studii jsme se zabývali změnami hlavních kardiovaskulárních rizikových faktorů u žen po přechodu do menopauzy. Metody: Analyzovali jsme údaje 195 žen, které v období šesti let dospěly do menopauzy, a 292 žen, které ve stejném časovém úseku zůstaly v menopauze. Mezi sledované kardiovaskulární rizikové faktory patřily kuřáctví, body mass index, obvod pasu, krevní tlak, plazmatické lipidy včetně hodnot apolipoproteinu B a A-1 a glykemie nalačno. Výsledky: Nejnápadnější odlišnosti mezi nově menopauzálními ženami a ženami trvale v menopauze byly zjištěny ve změnách plazmatických lipidů. S výjimkou HDL cholesterolu byly všechny změny u nově menopauzálních žen nepříznivé a nebyly spojeny s léčbou statiny. Mezi oběma skupinami nebyly pozorovány žádné statisticky významné rozdíly ve změnách body mass indexu, obvodu pasu, krevního tlaku nebo glykemie nalačno. Závěry: V longitudinální studii jsme potvrdili, že přechod do menopauzy je jedním z nejdynamičtějších období z hlediska změn kardiovaskulárních rizikových faktorů, hlavně plazmatických lipidů.
Preclinical atherosclerosis may represent a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). In longitudinal study we followed longitudinally 96 patients (32 men) with thrombophilias with (n=51) and without (n=45) history of VTE. In both groups we studied the changes of preclinical atherosclerosis at peripherally located arteries detected by ultrasound. In addition, we assessed changes in selected risk factors of atherosclerosis. During the mean follow-up of 56.0±7.62 months we did not find significant change in preclinical atherosclerosis defined as Belcaro score in either group (–3 % in the VTE group vs 0 % in non VTE group). Significant increase in body mass index (1.03±1.98 kg*m-2, resp. 1.21±1.67 kg*m-2, p<0.01) and non-significant increase in systolic blood pressure were detected in both groups. Waist circumference increased significantly only in patients without VTE (4.11±7.84 cm, p<0.05). No differences in changes of risk factors under study between both groups were detected. In summary, patients with thrombophilia and history of VTE showed no evidence of greater progression of atherosclerosis or increase in traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis than patients with thrombophilia without history of VTE. Unfavorable changes of body mass index, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure were detected in both groups during study period.
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