This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
В статье анализируется феномен «профессиональных деформаций», представляющий собой деструктивные изменения личности, возникающие после многолетнего выполнения одной и той же профессиональной деятельности. Это состояние не только негативно влияет на продуктивность этой деятельности, но и порождает у человека нежелательные качества, изменяющие его профессиональное поведение. Профессиональные деформации могут привести к изменению психической структуры и качеств личности (поведения, способов общения, стереотипов восприятия, характера, ценностных ориентаций и др.), они же являются одной из причин, препятствующей профессиональному развитию человека. Рассмотрены различные концепции структуры профессиональных деформаций. Так, Э.Ф. Зеер классифицирует профессиональные деформации на основании четырех уровней их проявлений, А.К. Маркова-по основным тенденциям, А. Пайнс, И. Аронсон и А. Чиром понимают профессиональные деформации как одномерную конструкцию, Д.В. Дирендонк, В. Шауфели, X.Дж. Сиксма-как двухмерную конструкцию, Б. Пельман, Е. Хартман, К. Маслач, С. Джексон, а также Б.А. Фарбер выделяют три конструкта профессиональных деформаций, а Г.Х. Фирт, А. Мимс, И.Ф. Иваничи и Р.Л. Шваб представляют профессиональные деформации как четырехфакторную модель, где помимо эмоционального истощения и редуцированных профессиональных достижений рассматривается деперсонализация, связанная с работой, и деперсонализация, связанная с реципиентами. Сделан вывод о том, что в отечественной и зарубежной психологии отсутствует единая точка зрения на структуру этого состояния. Ключевые слова: выгорание, деперсонализация, профессиональные деформации, редукция личных достижений, эмоциональное и/или физическое истощение. T he paper examines the phenomenon of "professional deformation" which comprises destructive personality changes that occur after many years of a career. This condition does not only produce an adverse effect on the personal productivity, but also gives rise to undesirable qualities in a person, alters his/her professional behaviour. Professional deformation may lead to changes in mental structure and personality traits (behaviour, ways of communication, stereotypes, perceptions, character, values, etc.). They are also one of the reasons that may prevent the professional development of a person. Various concepts of the structure of professional deformation are considered. Thus, E.F. Zeer classifies professional deformation based on four levels of their manifestations, A.K. Markov considers professional deformation based on major trends, A. Pines, J. Aronson and A. Shirom understand professional deformation as a one-dimensional structure, D.V. Direndonk, W.B. Schaufeli, H.J Sixma, accounts professional deformation as a two-dimensional structure, while B.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced national governments to take measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus. Self-isolation as one of the forms of protection against infection with viral diseases has led to an increase in physiological stress. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the physiological stress of the population in self-isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The study involved 638 students (average age - 23.38 years) undergraduate, specialist and graduate programs of full-time and part-time forms of analysis who went online during the period of self-isolation via Skype to participate in training sessions. Questionnaires were used: “What stress are you experiencing?” (P. Legeron), “Inventory of stress symptoms” (T. Ivanchenko), neuropsychic stress questionnaire (T.A. Nemchin), Toronto alexithymia scale (G.J. Taylor, D. Ryan, R.M. Bagby). Mathematical and statistical data processing - K. Pearson’s correlation criterion and Chaddock’s table. Results. Both the average level of physiological stress (6.74) and its components with a high connection were revealed: severity, increase, duration and frequency of neuropsychic stress (0.84, 0.86, 0.76, 0.86); disturbed sleep and wakefulness (0.82); negative sensations of the activity of the cardiovascular system (0.79), respiratory organs (0.80); pain and temperature sensations (0.73 and 0.75); drop in muscle tone (0.81); physical discomfort (0.84); increased susceptibility to external stimuli (0.87); decreased physical activity (0.79). Discussion. The results of studies by domestic and foreign doctors and psychologists confirm the need for diagnostics, prevention and correction of all types of stress conditions and levelling of physiological stress. Conclusion. The revealed specificity of physiological stress (pain in different parts of the body, dizziness and headaches, poor sleep, stiffness of movements, difficulty in breathing, an increase in the amount of food, coffee, cigarettes, fatigue, heart palpitations and physical stress) provides a basis for the management of primary and secondary prevention of general, physiological and emotional stress with the involvement of doctors, physiologists and psychologists.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.