The basis of agricultural land assessment (soil rating, economic land assessment, normative monetary assessment of land) is the properties of agricultural soil groups (141 agricultural groups) within 11 natural-agricultural districts of Lviv region. The structure of the soil cover of Lviv region is dominated by sod-podzolic soils (17.9%), brown soils, mountain-forest (14.0%), dark gray podzolic soils (12.1%). Typical low-humus black soils (78.6%), podzolic black soils (75.2%), and black-meadow soils (66.9%) are characterized by the highest indicators of agricultural development. Quite significant agricultural development, due to large-scale drainage reclamation, is characterized by hydromorphic soils: meadow-swamp (94.7%), swamp (84.2%), peat-swamp (82.5%), lowland peatlands (72.1). The most significant disadvantage of rating is the use of outdated information about natural and acquired soil properties, which do not correspond to the current state, do not reflect the quality of soils. In order to improve land assessment indicators, it is advisable to conduct soil research on all land plots. The weighted average rating of soil quality of agricultural lands of the region is 26 and has significant fluctuations in terms of natural-agricultural areas (NAA): 48 points for Zolochiv and 10 for Turkiv, which is due to the structure of agricultural groups in these areas and their diagnostic indicators. Dark gray podzolic and degraded, black soil podzolic and slightly degraded (75 points) and black soil crushed on the eluvium of dense carbonate rocks (76 points) have the highest rating of arable agricultural groups in Lviv region. Economic assessment of land was carried out in the conditions of the collective farm-state farm system of land use at approximately the same cost per unit of production and therefore in modern conditions of diversity of agricultural entities they do not reflect the real situation and require significant improvement. The introduction of land reform in Ukraine has facilitated the monetary assessment of lands, which is determined by their location within a certain NAA, the composition of lands and the rating scores of the quality of agricultural groups of soils within them. The highest cost of arable land in Borshchovytskyi and Zolochivskyi NAA districts (56.3 thousand UAH and 61.6 thousand UAH per 1 ha, respectively) (agro-group 100 d, e). UAH The highest cost of hayfields in Zolochiv SSR district - 20.3 thousand UAH per 1 hectare (agrogroup 133d) The highest value of 1 hectare of pastures in Sambir-Zhydachiv NAA district - 16.7 thousand UAH (agrogroup 18c). Given the complexity and high cost of large-scale soil surveys within the state, it is advisable to conduct soil research on all land plots involved in civil relations (lease, sale, mortgage, gift, inheritance, mine), which will establish the real state of soil cover within their limits, calculate real assessment and, in the future, update information on the main means of labor in agriculture and forestry. Key words: soil resources, agrogroups, natural-agricultural areas, rating of agrogroups, normative monetary assessment of soils.
The present work describes the application of new spectrophotometric methods to the determination of osmium in the intermetallides Nd 20 Os 15 Sі 65 and Nd 10 Os 30 Sі 60. The methods are based on the interaction of osmium with azo dyes (Tropaeolin O, Tropaeolin OOO-I, Eriochrome Black T), flavonoids (morin and quercetin) or Tiron. They are simple and rapid. The sensitivity varies from 0.005 tо 0.8 µg ml-1 ; the effective molar absorptivity is ~10 3-10 5 M-1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅сm-1 , depending on the reagent. Intermetallides / Osmium(IV) / Spectrophotometric determination / Organic reagents
Досліджено кінетику механічної, водної деградації та дефляції темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту Львівського Розточчя. За рівнянням швидкості цих процесів визначено їх константу та порядок реакцій: для дефляції (V=4,0645·C 0,8625 ), водної деградації (V=0,2829·С 0,7559 ), механічної деградації (V=0,7363·С 1,5173 ). Процеси дезагрегації ґрунтових частинок за водної та вітрової деградації темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту відбуваються як односторонні реакції першого порядку. Однак механічна деградація у ґрунті -складніший гетерогенний процес (порядок реакції 1,5), у якому утворення ядер (частинок розміром < 0,25 мм) на поверхні ґрунтового агрегату в декілька стадій сприяє зниженню протиерозійної стійкості. З'ясовано, що за механічної деградації темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту рівноважний стан досягається через 2-3 хв, за дефляції -через 10 хв дії вітру зі швидкістю 2,2 м/с, за водної деградації -через 12 хв, коли частки мікроагрегатів рівні 25 %, 16 % та 2 %, відповідно. Отже, темно-сірі опідзолені ґрунти виявляють нижчу здатність до водної деформації, ніж до дефляції, що узгоджується легкоглинистим гранулометричним складом, брилуватістю. По-перше, це обумовлено найповільнішою реакцією серед зазначених процесів. По-друге, розчинення ґрунтових агрегатів визначається товщиною, площею перерізу дифузного шару та коефіцієнтом дифузії.Ключові слова: деградація, кінетика, макро-і мікроагрегати, константа рівноваги.
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