Drinks are important in the human diet. The most promising ones include fermented beverages enriched with bioactive substances of their raw materials and with products of their fermentation. Gluten-free foods, too, are becoming popular as there are more and more people worldwide suffering from coeliac disease. The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental research on developing a technology of a fermented soft drink based on rice as a gluten-free raw material. The domestic cultivars of husked and unhusked rice described in the paper are Agat, Prestizh, and Premium. Their physical, biological, and physicochemical parameters have been studied, and their amino acid and vitamin composition, the content of macronutrients and trace elements have been determined. According to the research results, it is practical to use rice of the Agat variety in the technology of fermented beverages. Compared with the samples of Premium and Prestizh, the extractivity of Agat is higher by 2–5%, and as to the soundness of its kernels and the husk content, it exceeds them, respectively, by 2.5 and 5.5%. The fat content, which reduces the amount of esters formed during fermentation and adversely affects the foam retention of a drink, was lower in Agat by 28–37%. The content of protein compounds, vitamins, macronutrients and trace elements in grain is essential for the technology of fermented beverages. It has been established that Agat is higher in amino acids than other varieties are: by 5.7% (husked) and by 18% (unhusked). The highest content of vitamins has been found in Agat rice (on average, by 9.4% more of them). Compared with the other cultivars, unhusked Agat rice is higher in the macronutrients and trace elements that are vital for yeast activity: calcium – by 28%, magnesium – by 24%, iron – by 10–18%, copper – by 16.6%. The optimal initial concentration of yeast cells in the wort is 3–5 million/cm3. When using husked rice, the acidity of the wort at the end of fermentation was higher by 7.6% than it was in the wort made with unhusked rice. When comparing different varieties of rice, the acidity values of the fermented wort did not differ significantly. All samples had high sensory qualities characteristic of fermented beverages.
The composition of water significantly affect the flow of the process and the main indicators of the finished drink. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental researches on improvement of the technology of preparation of drinking water for the production of non-alcoholic fermented beverages, in particular, bread kvass. The high efficiency of the application of natural minerals – clinoptilolite, rock crystal and activated carbon with combined treatment of water in the technology of bread kvass is proven. The quality and usefulness of the product depend on the content of its impurities. The integrated action of investigated materials with adsorption, ion exchange and redox properties provides water conditioning and achievement of the intensification of the technological process and high organoleptic qualities of the finished product. The work presents the physical-mechanical characteristics of the investigated materials, technological parameters of treatment, the influence of filter materials on the organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters of water and finished product. The article also gives a taste-aroma profile of bread kvass, made from the use of prepared water. The materials of the conducted research testify to the expediency of water treatment for the production of bread kvass in the sequence of clinoptilolite, active coal, rock crystal with a filtration rate of 8–15 m / h. In this case, the total iron content is reduced by 5 times, the total stiffness decreases by 75%, permanganate oxidation is 9 times. It has been established that such processing allows for high organoleptic qualities of prepared water and end product and increases the tasting score of bread kvass by 7 times, with no unpleasant taste and aroma that is characteristic of chlorinated water and decreases the turbidity of the beverage as a result of a decrease in the overall rigidity of water.
Національний університет харчових технологій О.О. Коваленко Одеська національна академія харчових технологій На перебіг технологічного процесу та основні показники ферментованих напоїв, зокрема хлібного квасу, суттєво впливає склад води. Від вмісту її домішок залежить якість і корисність продукту. Технологія хлібного квасу не передбачає додаткової обробки питної води, окрім звільнення від механічних домішок. Тому актуальним питанням розвитку пиво-безалкогольної галузі харчової промисловості є розробка способів підготовки води при виробництві хлібного квасу для інтенсифікації технологічного процесу і підвищення оздоровчих властивостей готового продукту. У статті досліджено вплив природних мінералів та активного вугілля при підготовці води на процес зброджування квасного сусла й показники хлібного квасу. Визначена оптимальна температура бродіння різних зразків сусла при використанні дріжджів Saccharomyces cerevisiae МП-10. Встановлено, що підготовлена вода, оброблена у послідовності клиноптилоліт, активне вугілля, гірський кришталь із швидкістю фільтрування 10 см 3 /хв позитивно впливає на перебіг технологічного процесу. При цьому тривалість бродіння квасного сусла зменшується на 13% та на 25% збільшується титрована кислотність. Збільшення кислотності напою дає змогу, відповідно, зменшити витрати молочної або лимонної кислоти на стадії купажуванні. Скорочення тривалості бродіння та збільшення кислотності збродженого сусла забезпечує зниження собівартості готового продукту. Підготовлена вода з використанням досліджуваних матеріалів зменшує також мутність готового напою на 5...11%. Підготовка води запропонованим способом дала змогу суттєво знизити окисно-відновний потенціал води і готового продукту. Для води це зниження становило 54 мВ, а готового продукту, приготовленого на підготовленій воді, -106 мВ. Окисно-відновний потенціал хлібного квасу, приготовленого на обробленій воді у визначеній послідовності обробки клиноптилолітом, активним вугіллям, гірським кришталем і швидкості фільтрування, становив 86 мВ, що наближається до оптимальних для клітин організму людини значень. Матеріали експериментальних досліджень свідчать про доцільність застосування гірського кришталю, клиноптилоліту, активного вугілля для кондиціювання води при виробництві хлібного квасу. Ключові слова: хлібний квас, вода, водопідготовка, клиноптилоліт, гірський кришталь, активне вугілля. Постановка проблеми. Основною сировиною для виробництва хлібного квасу є вода, концентрат квасного сусла, цукор, культури мікроорганізмів.
Introduction. It has been determined the influence of drinking running water purified by clinoptilolite, rock crystal and activated charcoal on the vitamin content of wort and kvass. Materials and methods. The kvass made by kvass rye wort fermentation with the help of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MP-10 was analyzed. The dry matter content was determined by the areometric method, the content of vitamins by the ability of test-cultures to grow in the presence of certain vitamins. Thiamine and riboflavin were determined by fluorometric method. Results and discussion. In the purified water, the total iron content was 0,01 mg/dm 3 , the total water hardness was 1,1 mmol/dm 3 , the permanganate oxidation was 0,5 mg O2/dm 3. The fermentation process was similar to both samples. While the total duration of fermentation of the experimental sample was 13% less, that is due to a decrease in the number of vitamins in the initial wort. The water mineral composition significantly influenced on the content of vitamins in the initial and fermented wort and kvass, in particular, the amount of thiamine and riboflavin in the prototype increased at an average 2.5 times, and the folic acid content at 5 times, that can be explained by the formation in the control sample of water insoluble complexes with bivalent metals. At using model solutions with an index of total water hardness of 5 mmol/dm 3 , the thiamine content in the fermented wort decreased by 6,7 times compared to the wort with demineralized water. To ensure high levels of vitamins in the kvass, in particular thiamine, riboflavin and folic acid, process water should have a total hardness no more than 1 mmol/dm 3 and contain no iron ions. Conclusions. The use of purified water provides the increase in the content of vitamins in the kvass and getting the product with their correlation physiologically acceptable to the human body.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.