Esophageal speech proficiency in 75 laryngectomy patients was rated on a seven-point scale by a speech therapist. Radiologic evaluation of the reconstructed pharyngoesophageal (PE) region during swallowing, attempted phonation, and phonation, by means of esophageal insufflation and barium-enhanced videofluoroscopy and spot radiography revealed the PE segment to be normal in 13 patients and hypotonic in 21. Hypertonicity or spasm of the PE segment was detected in 28 patients. Three patients had a postoperative stricture. Speech in 24 patients was fluent at the time of assessment; the remainder had negligible speech. Correlation between esophageal speech fluency and response at insufflation was highly positive. Esophageal insufflation, when combined with radiologic assessment, provides a reproducible method for accurate evaluation of the PE transition zone. Videofluoroscopy allowed good visualization of tracheoesophageal dynamics. Results indicated anatomic factors in the reconstructed PE region to profoundly affect the acquisition of esophageal speech.

We conclude that both procedures are effective in drooling control, but the addition of sublingual gland excision increases morbidity and we are no longer excising these glands with submandibular duct relocation.