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The paper addresses the contribution of the Naval Air Force and its medical service to the victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Organizational and staff structure, medical support of combat operations, the dynamics, level and structure of operational attrition and non-battle sanitary losses of the Naval Air Force air and ground crews are studied by categories and by the periods of the war, including the major operations, separately for each fleet. Detailed analysis of the experience of search and rescue operations and aeromedical evacuation as specific components of the medical service of the Naval Air Force is presented. The management procedures of medical supplies and recreation of the air crews to prevent their exhaustion are studied. For instance, since it was impossible to provide professional and specialized medical aid to the wounded from the fleet air force units, it had to be provided at the naval and combined-arms levels of medical evacuation. Only a small number of air base infirmaries were staffed by qualified surgeons. Difficulties in organizing the medical supplies were caused by frequent movements of air force units, often in the closest vicinity to the enemy; and also, by the lack of special unified medical packs. Based on the experience of medical support for search and rescue operations, the most effective search and rescue of flight personnel was organized using water-planes. During the war, naval aviation pilots evacuated thousands of wounded people to the rear of the country. The specifics of the fleet aviation missions characterize the structure of sanitary losses and their ratio to the irretrievable losses of flying personnel during the four years of the war. Due to a significant combat load on the pilots, the command was obliged to organize their rehabilitation in the form of short-term vacation at adapted recreation centers. Based on the information available from literature and archive sources, the successful experience and faults in the medical support of the combat missions of the Air Force as the striking component of the Navy during the Great Patriotic War are analyzed, and respective detailed conclusions are made.

539.107.48 As a result of the improved reliability of KNI-7 channels -seven-section neutron-measuring channels with rhodium direct charge detectors (DCDs) -employed for monitoring energy release in RBMK-1000 reactors, the operating lifetime of the channels has increased and now considerably exceeds the operating period of the heat-releasing channel (HRC), in whose central pipe they are usually installed. For more efficient utilization, the KNI-7 channels are repositioned into a different HRC. The repositioning, in spite of the fact that the technological process has been well worked out, involves difficulties which sometimes result in damage to the channels. For this reason, in practice, a single repositioning is allowed; a second repositioning is, for the time being, very unlikely, even if the detectors have acceptable metrological characteristics.There arises the question of the applicability of the relations and metrological characteristics that make it possible to interpret the detector signal for estimating the energy release. The relation between the detector signal J and the HRC power P is described by the relationwhere K 0 is the absolute calibration coefficient; I is the time integrated detector current; E is the energy produced by the HRC; ~(E, /) is the total correction coefficient, which takes into account the fuel burnup and burnup of the DCD emitter material. According to the data from [1], ~(E,/) can be represented as a product of two coefficients (E, 0 = ~ta(L3 ~d(0,where ~d(/) and ~td(E) are correction factors which take into account the burnup of the emitter material and fuel in the HRC, respectively. The most accurate approach for determining the functions ~a(/) and ~td(E) is the approach following directly from the expressions (1) and (2) and the conditions satisfied by a detector with partially depleted operating time and fresh fuel in the HRC: ~e(0) = I and ~td(0) = 1. Then, the following expressions can be derived: ~a(`9 = e(o, DIP(O, o)I(o, o)11(o, ,9; (3) ~ta(E) = P(E, O)/P(O, 0):(0, O)/J(E, 0),where P(0, 0) and P(E, 0) are the power of the fresh and partially depleted HRC with a fresh DCD installed in it, respectively; J(0, 0) is the signal from a fresh DCD in a fresh HRC; J(0,/) is the signal from DCD with a partially depleted operating life in a fresh HRC; P(0,/) is the power of a fresh channel with a previously operated DCD installed in it; and, J(E, 0) is the signal from a fresh DCD placed in the channel with a partially depleted service life. The expressions (3) and (4) can be used both for determining the coefficients experimentally and in working models, including after positioning of the DCD.It is desirable to determine how correct the expressions (1) and (2) and the correction coefficients, obtained in calculating the burnup of fresh KNI-7 channel in a fresh HRC, are for situations when the initial burnup of the KNI-7 emitters and fuel are not synchronized. There are different methods for determining the correction coefficients after repositioning for interpreting the indica...

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