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This paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of three online learning plat forms used by three universities (Dubna State University and Pyatigorsk State University in Russia and University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” in Italy) for the forced adoption of onli ne learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages, defects and restrictions of each learning platform are analyzed along with the factor of human error and incompetence while using the platforms. It was found that it was difficult to establish the authorship of the tasks performed, to check the real attendance and level of involvement during online lectures, and to ascertain students’ identity without violating laws on personal data and privacy. What is more, the participants of the educational process demonstrated their lack of experience and technical skills to work with the platforms, and their lack of motivation and self-discipline. In accordance with the data received and analyzed in this research, a list of recommendations and technical specifications required is offered. This research is useful for government institutions, universities, academic staff and students working or planning to start working with online learning instruments.

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Since the end of the 20th century, educational standards have been changing, and many countries have switched from a traditional approach to a competence-based one. Despite the numerous works on the issue, there is still no standardized definition of competencies and their components. The study of the competencies, including new digital competencies, is necessary because education within the framework of the competence-based approach helps to reduce the gap between theory and practice, which makes it possible to train specialists ready to work in a new digital era, where one of the main tasks is the formation of the digital economy. The digital economy implies the development and creation of digital, high-tech products within the country. The ability to safely operate digital products is reflected in security competence, which is important not only in professional activities but also when using the internet, computer programs, and so on, for personal purposes. In this article, we will analyze different approaches to the concept of security competence within the prism of competence-based learning in Russia and Western countries, including European and American experiences.

The development of information technology leads to a change in old paradigms in all areas. The state and employers set new requirements for specialists, such as digital competencies (DC). The article presents the results of a study of the general interest and interest of the academic community in the DC. Additionally, we made a primary analysis of the existing methods of DC level detection, presented in the Russian-language academic (RLA) literature within 2015-2020 in the work. In preliminary the work conclusion was estimated that this issue has not been considered enough in RLA.