Since 2012, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) has attempted several hydraulic fracture monitoring (HFM) evaluations in deep, high-temperature, tight gas wells in the Amin Formation of the Fahud salt basin. The first successful job was executed in late 2014 for treatments placed in a horizontal wellbore. Following this job, in-depth HFM analyses were conducted that led to recommendations on well completion and fracturing treatment improvements. The purpose of the HFM trial in this challenging tight gas Amin reservoir of the Fahud salt basin was evaluating hydraulic fracture geometries, fracture propagation, and orientation. The horizontal well had been purposely drilled in the vicinity of an earlier completed vertical well to enable execution of the HFM job. Microseismic monitoring provided a direct measurement of the rock-failure coordinates and helped in gauging the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracture treatment placed in two clusters of the same fracturing stage. A large set of raw data representing 52,000 triggers was recorded and processed through different filtering methods including processing noise generated from gas flow in the monitoring well behind the casing. The evaluation suggested that the fractures have grown upward. It also revealed fracture length dimensions and stimulated reservoir volume along with the previously unmeasured fracture azimuthal orientation. The HFM job provided insight on how the hydraulic fractures propagate when two perforation clusters are placed in different stress zones, and if it is possible to place comparable hydraulic fractures in both. HFM results were coupled with geomechanics work and post-fracturing production logging to develop recommendations for future well completion improvements.

Final results indicate that overall hypocentral locations derived from the surface array and the downhole array match relatively well. The integrated processing results show good agreement with the downhole-only results in the vertical dimension. Though some stages do not yield many events for reasons to be investigated (i.e., processing vs. rupture mechanism vs. completion scheme, etc.), overall mapped hypocenters highlight features aligning with the overall N50 maximum stress direction confirming the drilling pattern implemented and providing additional insight as to potential improvements. Some stages do not locate exactly where expected bringing additional value to the overall monitoring exercise and calling for in-depth understanding of the formation behavior. Moment tensor results come from the surface data only, highlighting predominantly strike-slip events with some elements showing large opening components.Future monitoring campaigns are considered using improvements provided by recently gained information (e.g., spatical noise pattern, energy radiation, effectiveness of channel count and distribution, etc.)

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract