Методами механохимии получены перспективные многокомпонентные композиции препаратов для комплексной защиты растений на основе тебуконазола. Применение в этих процессах глицирризиновой кислоты и ее натриевой соли позволило получить протравители семян на основе тебуконазола с улуч-шенными физико-химическими, технологическими и биологическими параметрами. Испытания препа-ратов в лабораторных и полевых условиях показали синергизм биологических свойств, проявляющихся в ускорении роста культурного растения, снижении пораженности корневой системы яровой пшеницы и ярового ячменя обыкновенной корневой гнилью и увеличении их продуктивности при снижении нормы расхода действующих веществ препаратов. Показано, что межмолекулярные комплексы тебуконазола на основе глицирризиновой кислоты и ее натриевой соли обладали высокой биологической активностью при сниженном расходе препарата. promising multicomponent compositions of preparations for complex protection of plants based on tebuconazole were obtained using mechanochemical methods. The use of glycirrhizic acid and its sodium salt in this processes allowed obtaining of seed desinfectants based on tebuconazole with improved physicochemical, technological and biological parameters. The preparations tests in laboratory and field conditions have shown the synergism of biological properties, appeared by growth acceleration of the cultivated plant, decrease of the root system infestation of the spring wheat and spring barley by common root rot and productivity increase at lower application rates of preparations active substances. It has been shown that intermolecular complexes of tebuconazole based on glycirrhizic acid and its sodium salt possess high biological activity at lower application rates of preparations.

The effect of treatment of crops with supramolecular complexes of tebuconazole with plant polysaccharides on the infection and germination of spring wheat grain of a new harvest was studied. The experiment (2018, 2019) was conducted on the crops of varieties Novosibirskaya 31 and Obskaya 2 in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Crops were treated in the earing phase with tebuconazole mechanocomplexes with licorice root extract (ratio 1: 5, 1:10) and arabinogalactan (1:10) with a flow rate of 0.5 kg/ha. There was a decrease in the development of spike septoria in Novosibirskaya 31 by 97.6-98.5%, in Obskaya 2 by 78.6-98.9%. The biological effectiveness of the application of commercial fungicide Folicur, CE (active ingredient tebuconazole, 250 g/l, consumption rate 1 l/ha) was at a comparable level – 98.5 and 96.8-99.6%, respectively. Tebuconazole complexes with plant polysaccharides proved to be effective in inhibiting black point disease of wheat. Annually, the number of affected wheat caryopses was 1.54 and 1.50 times lower in Novosibirskaya 31 variety and 1.4-1.2 times lower in Obskaya 2 variety in the crops protected by tebuconazole with arabinogalactan compared to the treatment with Folicur, CE. Treatment with mechanocomplexes contributed to the reduction of seed contamination with phytopathogens. Complexes of tebuconazole with licorice root extract and arabinogalactan reduced the rate of infection with helminthosporiasis by 3.8 and 1.7 times (Folicur, CE – 5.5 times). Annually, seed contamination with Fusarium spp. was 8.3 and 3.7 times lower than in the control due to crop protection measures ensured by tebuconazole with arabinogalactan and licorice root extract. In the variants with the use of mechanocomplexes, seed infection with Penicillium spp. decreased. The biological effectiveness of tebuconazole with licorice root extract (1 : 5) was 69.9%, with arabinogalactan (1 : 10) – 58.1%, Folicur, CE – 67.7%. The best germination rate (95.0 and 89%), exceeding that of the standard, was obtained when both wheat varieties were treated with a complex of tebuconazole with licorice root extract (1 : 5). The complexes of tebuconazole with licorice root extract and arabinogalactan created by the mechanochemical method aiming to protect wheat plants from leaf diseases can have a significant healing effect on the emerging grain, improving its sowing qualities

The paper presents data on a comparative test of the efficacy of chemical, fungal and bacterial fungicides in limiting the harmfulness of main diseases of spring wheat. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of the forest-steppe of Priobye of the Novosibirsk region. It was shown that Sternifag, SP reduces the development of root rot at the end of the growing season by 48 %, which is comparable to the effect of a chemical dressing agent Scarlet, ME (imazalil+tebuconazole) and is slightly inferior to the action of combined application of fungal preparation Trichocin, SP with the bacterial preparation Vitaplan, SP (55 %). Preplanting seed treatment effectively reduced the development of leaf infections: Scarlet, ME suppressed the development of Septoria blotch by 54 %, Scarlet, ME + Vitaplan, SP – of powdery mildew by 69 %, Trichotsin,SP + Vitaplan, SP – of brown rust by 74 %. Fungicide Titul 390, KKR reduced the development of these diseases by 60, 81 and 85 %, respectively. Alirin-B, W with Trichocin, SP suppressed brown rust by 64 %. Cellulolytic activity increased 1.3–1.9 times compared to the control as a result of the action of biological products and Sternifag, SP. The amount of plant residues decreased 2.4 and 1.9 times 15 and 30 days after application. The greatest increase in yield was provided by chemical fungicides – 0.7 t / ha, they were not inferior to the use of Alirin-B, W with Vitaplan, SP against the background of etching with Scarlet, ME fungicide.

Методами механохимии синтезированы межмолекулярные комплексы -твердые композиции на основе те-буконазола (ТБК) и полисахаридов ламинарии. Механохимическая технология получения композиций имеет пре-имущества в одностадийности процесса, отсутствии растворителей и воды, высокой производительности и низкой себестоимости. Существование комплексов показано методами изучения водорастворимости и мембранной прони-цаемости на искусственных мембранах, а также методом динамической спектроскопии 1 Н ЯМР в водных растворах. Показано увеличение водорастворимости тебуконазола в 1,6 раза за счет образования межмолекулярных водорас-творимых комплексов. Аналогично наблюдается резкое сокращение в ~250 раз времен спин-спиновой релаксации протонов ТБК при включении его молекул в межмолекулярные комплексы типа гость -хозяин с полисахаридами ламинарии, обусловленное снижением вращательной диффузионной подвижности его молекул. Мембранная про-ницаемость молекул ТБК, исследованная методом РАМРА, также показывает увеличение в ~10 раз по сравнению с исходным ТБК. Таким образом, физико-химические эксперименты обосновывают повышенную биологическую активность комплексов за счет повышения водорастворимости и абсорбции в объем зерен через биологическую мембрану. Испытания вышеуказанных композиций в качестве препаратов для предпосевной обработки семян зер-новых культур в лабораторных и полевых условиях показали синергизм биологических свойств, проявляющийся в ускорении роста культурного растения, снижении пораженности корневой системы яровой пшеницы и ярового ячменя обыкновенной корневой гнилью и в увеличении их продуктивности при снижении нормы расхода действу-ющих веществ -препаратов. Показано, что межмолекулярные комплексы тебуконазола с полисахаридами ламина-рии обладают высокой биологической активностью, особенно в контрасте с исходной субстанцией ТБК, но также и улучшенными характеристиками по сравнению с широко распространенным препаратом Раксил. Sciences, Moscow, е-mail: salavatkhalikov@mail.ru Intermolecular complexes -solid compositions on the basis of tebuconazole (TBA) and polysaccharides of kelp were obtained by the methods of mechanochemistry. The noted technology has the advantages in one stage of the process, the absence of solvents, high performance and low cost. The existence of the complexes shown by the study of water solubility, membrane permeability and by dynamic 1 H NMR spectroscopy in water solutions. The increase of water solubility of TBA is 1.6 times due to the formation of water-soluble intermolecular complexes. Similarly, a dramatic reduction in ~250 folds the time of the spin-spin relaxation of protons of TBA connected with the formation of host-guest complexes with the kelps' polysaccharides, due decreasing in the diffusion rotation mobility of TBA molecules. The membrane permeability of TBA were studied by PAMPA assay also shows an increase in ~10 times compared the original TBK. Thus, physicochemical experiments justify the increased biological activity of the complexes due to increase of water solubility and...