Рассматривается методика и результаты расчета диффузионных процессов в дымовых трубах теплогенерирующих установок. Методика состоит из шести этапов, включающих моделирование газодинамических и тепломассообменных процессов на основе дифференциальных уравнений движения, неразрывности потока, сохранения энергии.Дифференциальные уравнения движения записаны для турбулентного режима. Для расчета параметров влагообмена в стенке трубы использовалась интегральная форма уравнения диффузии. Течение с теплообменом моделировалось в программном комплексе Flow Vision. Для расчета диффузионных процессов в стенке трубы использовалась разработанная авторами компьютерная программа.С целью апробации методики произведены расчеты диффузионных процессов в железобетонной сборной дымовой трубы высотой30 ми диаметром 1,2 м при параметрах наиболее холодного месяца. В результате расчетов выяснено, что зоны возможной конденсации располагаются в наружных слоях стенки трубы или на ее наружной поверхности. Отмечено значительное влияние скорости течения дымовых газов в трубе на температурно-влажностный режим стенок.Отличие методики от известных методик заключается в учете факторов, значительно влияющих на температурно-влажностный режим дымовых труб: размерных особенностей дымовых труб, нестационарности процессов, теплофизических и газодинамических характеристик удаляемых газов, состава природного газа. Методика на этапе проектирования дает возможность спрогнозировать диффузионные процессы в дымовых трубах теплогенерирующих установок, а также определить режимы эксплуатации действующих установок.
The paper presents the results of the experience of industrial wastewater reuse after cleaning from formaldehyde-containing compounds in the water supply system at a woodworking enterprise. The drains after the main stage of mechanical cleaning, cascade precipitators, were additionally settled with the addition of chemical reagents: 5% aluminium sulphate solution, 6% polyacrylamide solution and 10% sodium solution. In this case, the maximum cleaning effect was achieved by 7% higher without the use of reagents. A detailed analysis of the dry residue showed that during the processes of settling up to 28% of the dissolved resins are transferred to the solid phase, and the additional treatment with chemical reagents no longer contributes to the transition of the dissolved resins to a dispersed state. As a modification of the technological scheme of industrial wastewater treatment, two options were proposed that differ in the preliminary preparation of the effluent before evaporation.
The work explores the processes of movement, evaporation, change of temperature and weight of water droplets in the air washers of heat power systems. The motion of the evaporating drop is described by the variable-mass body mechanics equation without regard to reactive force. Two laws of movement resistance of water droplets in the air washer are considered. The diffusion and evaporation of droplets are calculated using traditional equations, taking into account the conditions of the air washer. Changes of droplet temperature were found from the heat balance equation. Numerical calculations of the change of the weight and temperature of the droplet are given depending on the distance droplet travelled in the air washer. Conclusions have been drawn on the effect of evaporation and changes in droplet temperature on mechanical movement and associated processes. A rational range of droplet sizes is defined for efficient operation of air washers.
The purpose of the work is to select the design concept of the wind power plant and the method of transformation of mechanical wind energy into electric energy depending on the wind speed in the given area. In order to solve the first task, it is proposed to approximate the distribution of wind speed with the help of the Raleigh Law, to use incomplete gamma functions and to compare the average annual power of wind plants with the vertical and horizontal spin axis. At low wind speeds dependence of wind plant mass with vertical spin axis with different types of generators is analyzed. The multiplication unit design is selected. Friction forces are determined in planetary multiplication unit having high efficiency. The effect of these forces on wind power plant efficiency is analyzed.
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