Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health. The daily ration of an adult cat must contain 40–45% of proteins, 20–25% of fats, 25–30% of carbohydrates. Low- fat diets are recommended to cats with overweight. Necessary amino acids are in the diet of cats with excess weight. Taurine is a sulfonic acid, which synthesizes in the body of animals and humans from the amino acid of cysteine. It plays an essential role in the digestion and assimilation of fats and lipids. The need for cats in taurine is due to their limited ability to synthesize taurine from amino acids that contain sulfur, as well as the fact that it holds bile acids. The latter is very important because cats do not produce bile acid salts associated with glycine, even in the case of taurine deficiency. Taurine has many fundamental biological roles, such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, and modulation of calcium signaling. It is essential for cardiovascular function, and development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. The deficiency of taurine leads to degeneration of the retina and blindness, deafness, cardiomyopathy, disorders in the functioning of the immune and reproductive systems, suppression of neonatal growth, and the occurrence of birth defects. The recommended amount for a cat per day is 100–200 mg. L-Tryptophan is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Together with vitamin B6, magnesium and niacin, tryptophan is responsible for the serotonin production in the brain (a mediator that regulates the activity of nerve cells and transmits signals between them). Also, tryptophan is involved in the production of hemoglobin and affects the reproductive function of animals. The recommended amount for a cat per day is 0.3 g/1000 kcal of energy value (EV). DL-methionine is a synthetic analog of natural methionine. Methionine is an essential amino acid for animals. As the substrate for other amino acids such as cysteine and taurine, and the important antioxidant glutathione, methionine plays a critical role in the metabolism and health of many species, including humans. Methionine is a source of sulfur that forms the keratin protein. Keratin is simply necessary for the health of the hair, skin, and claws of the animal. The recommended amount for a cat per day (methionine + cystine) is 1.5 g/1000 kcal EV. Nowadays the problem of overweight in small domestic animals, in particular in cats and dogs, is becoming more widespread. In order to prevent the spread of obesity, therapeutic rations should be balanced by all indicators, such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins.

The article is devoted to the development and synthesis of a new drug for use in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as an immunostimulatory and adaptogenic agent. The basis of the new drug is a combination of magnesium, phosphorus, and casein of cow's milk. Given the important scientific and practical importance for veterinary medicine of innovative drugs that would have pronounced immunostimulatory and adaptogenic properties, the aim of our research is to develop a method of obtaining a new drug with an original composition and further studies of its effectiveness and safety. Modern materials and methods were used to achieve this goal. In particular, mass spectrometry was used on a Waters H-class UPLC liquid high-pressure liquid chromatography spectrometer with a Waters TQ-S micro three-quadrupole detector; atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma Analytik-Jena Plasma Quant PQ 9000 Elite; liquid chromatographer with a three-quadrupole mass detector and with analytical column – Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7μm 2.1x50mm. The result of the work was the development of a method of modification of the casein molecule, which was carried out in several stages: the first stage was the direct phosphorylation of the casein molecule; the second stage of the synthesis was the chelation of magnesium with casein. Based on the results of this work, the following conclusions were formed: 1) the synthesis of a new drug is carried out in two stages: the first – modification of casein by direct phosphorylation and the second stage – chelation of magnesium with casein; 2) it was found that the efficiency of phosphorylation directly correlates with the number of treatment cycles of the reaction mixture and is optimal for three treatment cycles

The use of betaine as a bioactive substance remains relevant due to its role in methylation processes (including methionine), antioxidant protection of cells for lipid metabolism, participation in anti-inflammatory processes and stabilization of the endothelial-epithelial barrier as a powerful regulator of metabolic processes in cells and tissues. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the direct effect of betaine on cultured endothelial cells. The objectives of the work were to analyze the literature on the use of betaine as a donor of methyl groups and osmoprotector (especially the use of its osmotolytic properties), and to conduct experimental studies of its effect on endothelial cells. The effect of betaine on endothelial cells (RAE lines) was studied using traditional methodological approaches: MTT test to determine the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and cell survival, assessment of glucose uptake and morphological properties of endothelial cells. The results of the study of the effect of betaine on endothelial cells showed no toxic effects, increased concentration of endothelial cells compared with control of its level of 0,5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml when stained with trypan blue, increased optical absorption due to reduction of formazan by mitochondrial enzymes in living cells within its concentrations of 1–4 mg/ml by MTT test, increasing the activity of mitochondrial oxidoreductases per unit of living cells at its concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/ml, the highest absorption of glucose by cells at 0,125 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of the biological product, compared with the control there were morphological differences of cells, namely: elongation, greater number of processes and the formation of structures that had signs of procapillary. Therefore, betaine at a concentration of 1 mg/ml may serve as a kind of standard of positive effects on endothelial cells in subsequent studies of bioactive drugs.

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Möglichkeiten einer Optimierung der Synthese von Isohexadecenylbernsteinsäuren (II) durch Dimerisierung von 2‐Äthylhexen‐( 1) (I) (in Gegenwart von 96%igem H2SO4 bei 30‐40°C) und Umsetzung des Dimerisats mit Maleinsäureanhydrid (bei 160‐200°C) werden untersucht.