This paper contains developing of a method of solving diagnostic tasks for complex technical objects (STO) based on using text models (TMi) to describe the functioning of STO. A TMi model is a text description, in normalized form, of all fragments of STO functioning process. The description of TMi is for med using semantic vocabularies of different types, which are generated on the basis of usage of information about all the aspects of STO construction and functioning. Such interpretation description is a subject area for tasks of STO diagnostics. Detection of malfunction and deviations of a functioning process of STO from an established functioning mode is implemented on the basis of analysis of semantic parameters of text description of the STO functioning process in order to determine semantic anomalies which occur in the descriptions of the STO functioning process, as well as in the descriptions of fragments of its functioning. Semantic anomalies occur in case when values of semantic parameters go beyond their established limits.

The work analyzes the tasks of solving problems, which consist in determining the events that may occur through some time after the completion of the process of solving the problem. One of the possible classifications of such tasks is proposed. The analysis of differences between different types of tasks is carried out, features of implementing the processes of their resolution are revealed. The paper considers in detail such types of tasks as prognosis and prediction. Differences are described between these processes with each other and the characteristics that determine each of the processes. The comparison of various types of processes in the overall forecasting process is presented.

The paper describes research of problems related to detecting a negative influence of human factors on technologic process in complex technical objects that can occur from the side of maintenance staff. Analysis is performed of psychological aspects of occurrence of human factors, as well as of interconnections between psychological and technical aspects, related to occurrence of human factors, that can lead to malfunctions in technical objects.

Are researched methods of text model interpretation in case of their use to describe social objects. Are considered peculiarities of their use for modeling objects which are hard to formally describe by theoretical means at the level of their detalization which will ensure necessary level of analytical possibilities for research and control of objects being modeled. In the research are proposed and developed methods of text model analysis based on use of semantic parameters which describe text model which itself is some text description in user language. As some elements of social objects accept information as its text description, so semantic coherence of texts with social object's text description characterizes a level of its perception.Streszczenie: Czy istnieją metody badawcze pozwalające na interpretację modeli tekstowych, jeśli takie modele są zastosowane do opisu obiektów społecznych? Czy są rozważane osobliwości ich zastosowania do modelowania obiektów, które są formalnie trudne do opisania za pomocą środków teoretycznych na takim poziomie ich uszczegółowienia, który zapewni badaczom wymagany poziom możliwości analitycznych i możliwość kontrolowania obiektów będących przedmiotem modelowania? W niniejszej pracy proponowane i rozwijane są metody służące do analizy modeli tekstowych oparte na zastosowaniu parametrów semantycznych opisujących model tekstowy, który sam w sobie jest pewnym opisem tekstowym zapisanym w języku użytkownika. Ponieważ pewne elementy obiektów socjalnych akceptują informację przekazywaną w postaci opisu tekstowego, to spójność semantyczna tekstów z opisem tekstowym obiektów społecznych charakteryzuje poziom jego percepcji.