Currently, in the field of poultry farming, the issue of using disinfectants for surface treatment of poultry houses, incubators and hatching eggs is particularly acute. Preparations must be both effective for the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to antibacterial substances, and safe for the environment, productive poultry and poultry goods. The purpose of this study was to test the Biosapin probiotic and the Biolide disinfectant in industrial conditions of a poultry house and incubator room. These preparations were used by aerosol spraying in the incubator and output cabinet, as well as in the poultry house in the presence of poultry. They were tested both individually and in combination, compared to the control group, where no preparations were used. The parameters of the microclimate of the premises were determined: temperature – with a weekly thermograph M-21, relative humidity – with an Augusta psychrometer and hygrograph M-16, speed of air movement – with an ASO-13 vane anemometer, illumination – with a luxmeter, concentration of carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide – using gas analyser UG-2, dust pollution – according to weight method, microbial pollution – according to sedimentation method. For the first time, a production test of the use of the Biosapin probiotic and the Biolide preparation in the complex was carried out. The obtained research results indicate an improvement in the microclimate of poultry houses. It was found that when spraying a disinfectant, microbial contamination in poultry premises decreases by 48.1% (P<0.001), and when spraying a probiotic – by 62.4% (P<0.001), while with a complex alternating action of both drugs – by 84.1% (P<0.01). At the same time, the bird's body is sanitised and enriched with probiotics. The positive effect of drugs on the microclimate in both the incubator room and the output hall sections has been experimentally confirmed. In particular, the concentration of ammonia decreases by 7.6% (P<0.01), 12.3, 27.8% (P<0.001) and hydrogen sulphide – by 16.6% (P<0.001), 18.5 and 34% (P<0.001). At the same time, the carbon dioxide content also decreases by 2.8, 3.3, and 5.0 times, respectively. Spraying the Biosapin probiotic and the Biolide disinfectant both separately and in combination stimulate embryogenesis, contribute to the production of more fertilised hatching eggs and the hatching of conditioned young chickens. Thus, the breeding rate of young animals increased by 5.5% (P<0.01), by 7.0% (P<0.01) and by 11.0% (P<0.01). The use of the preparations under study lies in the optimisation of the microclimate in poultry premises through such indicators as relative humidity, concentration of harmful gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide), dust, and microbial air pollution
Вступ. Токсикологічний контроль ветеринарних препаратів запобігає можливим порушенням обміну речовин, негативному впливу на органи і тканини, виникненню побічних дій та віддалених наслідків, створює передумови для визначення оптимальних терапевтичних доз, способів і термінів застосування, шляхів та часу виведення з організму, що, у свою чергу, сприяє розробці нових високоефективних конкурентоспроможних препаратів. Мета дослідження – провести доклінічні випробування пробіотичного препарату “Біомагн”: визначити гостру токсичність, виявити його можливу шкідливість при одноразовому введенні в організм тварин і встановити токсичні й летальні дози. Методи дослідження. Токсичність і шкідливість препарату визначали в дослідах на найпростіших тест-організмах інфузоріях тетрахімен піріформіс (Tetrahymena pyriformis) та на лабораторних тваринах (білих мишах). Гостру токсичність препарату “Біомагн” вивчали на білих безпородних нелінійних мишах живою масою (22,5±0,2) г, яких годували стандартним гранульованим кормом відповідно до норм правил годівлі. Токсикологічні дослідження проводили згідно з монографією “Доклінічні дослідження ветеринарних лікарських засобів” (І. Я. Коцюмбас та ін., 2006) і СОУ 85.2-37-736:2011 “Препарати ветеринарні. Визначення гострої токсичності”. Для визначення ступеня кумуляції досліджуваного засобу використовували метод Ю. С. Кагана i В. В. Станкевича. Результати й обговорення. Під час досліджень встановлено, що імуномодулюючий пробіотичний препарат “Біомагн” на основі магнію хлориду, хітозану, суміші пробіотичних бактерій та ензимів не проявляє токсичних властивостей при взаємодії з інфузоріями впродовж 30 хв, тому що зберігається повна 100 % життєдіяльність особин культури тетрахімен, як і в контрольних пробірках. Як свідчать результати досліджень, гостра токсичність на лабораторних тваринах препарату “Біомагн” становить LD50 – 5000 мг/кг живої маси мишей. Під час клінічного спостереження за тваринами дослідних груп у всіх групах відхилень не виявлено, шкірний покрив гладкий, блискучий, відмови від корму не спостерігали, порушень роботи шлунково-кишкового тракту і центральної нервової системи в жодній із груп не відмічено, загибелі й захворювань не відзначено. Препарат “Біомагн” не має шкідливого впливу і стимулює покращення обміну речовин, що, у свою чергу, сприяє збільшенню маси тварин. Гематологічні показники периферичної крові мишей при застосуванні препарату достовірно не змінювались. Усі показники перебували в межах фізіологічної норми та залишалися такими до закінчення терміну експерименту, що вказувало на безпечність і нетоксичність досліджуваного засобу. За встановленими ознаками препарат віднесено до 4 класу щодо небезпечності. Композиція суміші пробіотичних бактерій Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecium, висушених продуктів ферментації мікроорганізмів Lactococcus Lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis та магнію хлориду, хітозану, яка забезпечує нормалізацію обміну речовин тварин, впливає на підвищення загальної резистентності організму, стимулює роботу органів травлення. Висновки. За результатами досліджень, проведених з метою визначення гострої токсичності препарату “Біомагн”, можна зробити висновок, що він не токсичний (СОУ 85.2-37-736:2011). Розведення препарату “Біомагн” у різних концентраціях є нешкідливими для найпростіших Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Modern methods of industrial poultry farming involve intensive technologies that do not always correspond to the physiological characteristics of the bird's body. Increasing the preservation of chickens and ensuring high intensity of their growth at all stages of rearing is one of the most urgent problems of modern poultry farming. The low resistance of chickens at an early age is due to their biological characteristics, high concentration of livestock, the negative impact of technological factors and insufficiently balanced feeding, which leads to stress and affects the level of productivity of poultry and, accordingly, increases the percentage of mortality. A study of the effectiveness of the probiotic drug "Biomagn" was conducted in order to normalize the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens and strengthen immune and antioxidant functions. Microbial preparations from associations of nonpathogenic bacteria have a positive effect on the productivity and natural resistance of the body. It was established that the introduction of the probiotic drug "Biomagn" into the diet of broiler chickens in the form of a supplement to the main feed leads to inhibition of the growth of obligate and facultative microflora, compared to the indicators in the birds of the control group (Р≤0.05). The results of microbiological studies of samples of the contents of the small intestine, rectum, and caecum of broiler chickens of the control and experimental groups showed that the use of a prebiotic preparation helps to inhibit the development of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms Campilobacter spp., Salmonella liquid groups, the number of enterobacteria and an increase in the number of Lactobacillus bacteria and Bifidobacterium Thanks to this, they are able to create a bacterial balance during the colonization of the digestive tract and prevent the development of harmful microflora there.
Using probiotic preparations and their complexes in poultry farming is an important step towards increasing poultry resistance and productivity, and thus producing environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the complex action of symbiotic drugs and biocidal agents by investigating the clinical and biochemical parameters of blood and mineral metabolism in the body of broiler chickens under the conditions of their use according to the developed scheme. Hematologic, biochemical and immunologic blood parameters were explored by conventional methods, micro- and macroelements by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Using the proposed complex of symbiotic and biocidal agents in the technology of rearing broiler chickens activates the processes of erythropoiesis, haemoglobin production, restoration of protein metabolism and normalisation of mineral status within physiological limits, which indicates the strengthening of the body's defences, increased resistance to stress factors and adverse environmental conditions, and will further have a positive effect on the growth and productivity of the target bird. The pronounced effect of the complex combination of drugs on the body of broiler chickens of experimental B is a better assimilation of many inorganic elements (by increasing the content of Calcium, Phosphorus, Cuprum, Ferrum and Selenium, Magnesium, Manganum); and, accordingly, causes the sustainable development of metabolic processes due to the prevalence of anabolic over catabolic processes (by increasing the level of total proteins against the background of a physiological increase in the number of globulin fractions; including the induction of the endogenous detoxification system – by reducing the level of production of toxic metabolites of purine metabolism: uric acid and creatinine; reduction of Chromium content; normalisation of transamination processes and deceleration of alkaline phosphatase activity) and immunobiological reactions (by enhancing erythropoiesis and haemoglobin production; induction of lysozyme, bactericidal and phagocytic activity), respectively. The proposed system of rearing young poultry using a complex of symbiotic preparations in combination with biocidal agents promotes the synergistic effect of the latter and their effective action on the body of experimental broiler chickens, which increases nonspecific resistance and restores metabolic reactions
The effectiveness of probiotic preparations is determined by the set of biological properties of the strains of cultures that are part of the probiotic, therefore, at the current stage of the development of biological antibacterial therapy, non-pathogenic probiotic spore-forming microorganisms, in particular bacteria of the genus Bacillus, are increasingly used to neutralize bacterial infections. The aim and tasks of the work were aimed at determining in vitro the level of antagonistic activity of isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans isolated from poultry to standard test cultures of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 15442, Escherichia coli АТСС 25922, Salmonella typhimurium АТСС 29630 and Staphylococcus aureus ATSS 6538 and the selection of the most promising strains for the construction of the complex probiotic preparation "Biomagn". 27 isolates of the genus Bacillus were studied, isolated from poultry from poultry farms in Ukraine and identified to the species Bacillus subtilis — 13 strains, Bacillus licheniformis — 6 strains, Bacillus coagulans — 8 strains. Research on the determination of the level of antagonistic activity of research isolates of the genus Bacillus was carried out in vitro by two diffusion methods: the method of timed antagonism and the method of perpendicular strokes. Two promising strains of Bacillus subtilis (Bs–5 and Bs–9) were identified with very high and high levels of antagonistic activity against the indicator test cultures of microorganisms Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 29630 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; two promising strains of Bacillus licheniformis (Bfl-1, Bfl-4) with a high antagonistic potential for action on indicator test cultures of microorganisms and one promising Bacillus coagulans (strain Bcg-5) with a medium level of antagonistic properties. The selected promising strains will be used for the construction of the complex probiotic preparation «Biomagn».
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