Relevance. The infliction of war and military aggression is a violation of children's basic rights, because during war children gain experiences that are in stark contrast to their needs to grow up in a physically and emotionally safe and predictable environment. Objective of the work was to establish the frequency and manifestations of emotional disorders in children who lived in the occupied territory of Ukraine in February-March 2022. Material and methods. In May-July 2022, 184 children aged 3-17 years who lived in February-March 2022 in Kyiv and Chernihiv regions in the territories occupied by Russian troops were examined. Psychological and psychiatric counseling of 119 children was carried out. The "Child's Dream" method was used to identify themes of disturbing thoughts (the child was asked to draw a sleeping child and a dream that she had). Parents of 81 children were also surveyed using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17): 29 children from May 3 to May 17 (Group I); 17 children from May 19 to May 31 (II group); 35 children from June 6 to July 14 (III group). Results. Anxiety disorders were detected in 27.7% of children, and conditions associated with high anxiety (insomnia, phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, behavioral disorders) were found in another 24.4%. In 72.4% of the children of the I group, 29.4% of the children of the II group, and 17.1% of the children of the III group, internalization disorders were found; disorders of attention and externalization were found only in children of I (55.2% and 51.7%, respectively) and II groups (20.4% and 11.8%, respectively). Conclusions. More than half of the children who lived in the occupied territory were found to have psychoemotional disorders with a predominance of anxiety. 3 months after experiencing acute stress, internalization problems remain in 17% of children. These emotional disorders indicate the need to develop psychological correction measures.

Relevance. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in people who have suffered a traumatic event (during war, natural disaster, domestic violence, etc.) sometimes even many years after the injury, causing changes in psychological and behavioral levels. Objective is to consider current data on the prevalence, pathophysiology and therapy of patients with PTSD. Methods. Analysis of data presented by PubMed by keywords "posttraumatic stress", "prevalence", "pathophysiology", "psychotherapy", "psychopharmacology". Results. PTSD is observed in 5-10% of the population, twice as often in women than in men, among children PTSD is found in 10%, in girls 4 times more often than in boys. During the war, PTSD is most often associated with stressful events such as bombing, homelessness, sieges, and combat. The highest prevalence of PTSD was among widows and widowers, divorcees, the unemployed and retirees. Hereditary sources of PTSD risk are shown on the basis of general genomic and epigenomic associations, transcriptomic and neuroimaging studies. Changes in the amygdala, islet, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex demonstrate that emotional dysregulation in PTSD occurs due to complications in the large neural network. Methods of non-pharmacological therapy of PTSD are presented and the effectiveness of drugs of different groups (antidepressants; antipsychotics; drugs that affect sympathetic activity, endocannabinoid system, etc.) is described. Conclusions. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a common disorder that is often undiagnosed, leading to significant psychological and behavioral disorders, increasing the risk of suicide. The review presents modern ideas about its pathophysiology and treatment options.

Relevance. Mental health disorders are one of the most important side effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and psychorehabilitation is seen as a key challenge in the fight against the pandemic. Objective is to study modern approaches to the psychorehabilitation of people affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Analysis of data presented in PubMed by keywords "COVID psychological effects" and "rehabilitation", 2020-2021. Results. During isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of people with mental health desorders increased by 12.9%, and the number of people with depressive symptoms increased by 10%. After the acute phase of COVID-19, “COVID-19-Long Syndrome” developed - a set of persistent physical, cognitive and / or psychological symptoms that lasted more than 12 weeks after illness and could not be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Healthcare workers who experienced physical pain, psychological distress, and death were more likely to develop secondary traumatic stress. The combination of burnout, injury, and frustration caused in medical staff to feel "hopeless with compassion." At the same time, the risk of developing anxiety was higher than in the general population. Patients with COVID-19 may need even more psychological support than regular intensive care patients. Therefore, rehabilitation, especially of critically ill patients, should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team. First, a short telephone sorting is performed. After the initial screening, patients are identified who need further assessment of mental health. At the 2nd stage of screening, patients who need psychorehabilitation are identified by telephone testing. The patient is met online or offline for 4 weeks with a mental health professional, if necessary - cognitive testing, and therapy is started. With regard to medical workers, the use of a strategy of psychological crisis intervention is envisaged. Conclusions. Patients with "long-term COVID" have a wide range of physical and mental / psychological symptoms. The most common are fatigue, shortness of breath, memory loss, anxiety and sleep disorders, and poor quality of life. It is better to use online interventions to rehabilitate patients with mild and moderate mental disorders. The most effective interventions: dosed information with or without professional psychological support and, to a lesser extent, in combination with psychopharmacological support.