NaDh-ubiquinone reductase (Ec 7.1.1.2) and succinate dehydrogenase (Ec 1.3.5.1) activity, the levels of total ubiquinone and its redox forms, and the degree of oxidative modification of mitochondrial proteins in the rat kidney were investigated. It was found that when consuming a low-protein diet there is a decrease in NaDh-ubiquinone reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activity by 1.4-1.7 times, a 20% decrease in total ubiquinone and a quantitative redistribution of its oxidized and reduced form with a predominance of oxidized form. Under the studied conditions, there is no accumulation of carbonyl derivatives, but the level of free Sh-groups is significantly reduced compared with control. at the same time, in animals consuming a high-sucrose diet there is an increase in NaDh-ubiquinone reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activity by 1.5-2 times and maintenance of the total ubiquinone at the control level against the background of redistribution of its redox forms, namely a decrease in reduced ubiquinone and an increase in oxidized ubiquinone on average by 1.5 times. In addition, there is an intensification of the reactions of free radical damage of mitochondrial proteins in kidney cells, as evidenced by an increase in the level of carbonyl derivatives and a significant decrease in the level of free protein Sh-groups by approximately 1.4-1.5 times. the most pronounced changes in the studied indicators are found in animals that consumed a low-protein/ high-sucrose diet. In particular, an excessive consumption of sucrose on the background of protein deficiency is accompanied by a reduction of NaDh-ubiquinone reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activity by 1.7-2 times, a decrease in total ubiquinone level by approximately 1.4 times, and a two-fold decrease in reduced ubiquinone against the background of intensification of the free radical oxidation of mitochondrial proteins, which can be considered as a prerequisite for the impairment of the renal function under the conditions of carbohydrate-protein imbalance. K e y w o r d s: nutrients, kidney, NaDh-Ubiquinone reductase, succinate dehydrogenase, ubiquinone, carbonyl derivatives, protein Sh-group.

The research deals with the integral haematological indices such as markers of immunoreactivity and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in animals kept in conditions of a nutrient imbalance. The animals were divided into four experimental groups: I — animals receiving full-value semi-synthetic ration (control group); II — animals receiving low-protein ration (LPR); III — animals receiving high-sucrose diet (HS); IV — animals receiving low-protein/high-sucrose diet (LPR/HS). It has been found that in animals kept in conditions of nutritional protein deficiency there was a disturbance of the specific immune response, as evidenced by a decrease in the immunoreactivity index and an increase in the index of neutrophils and leukocytes ratio. At the same time, no significant changes in the index of blood leukocytes shift and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were found, indicating the preservation of the non-specific immune response activity. However, in animals of this experimental group compensation of endotoxemia and a decrease in the adaptation index were observed, indicating an inhibition of the adaptive mechanisms. Similar changes in the integral haematological indices were observed in animals kept on a high-sucrose ration. It has been shown that animals consuming a low protein/high-sucrose ration have low immunological reactivity, as evidenced by a 3.4-fold decrease in the immunoreactivity index and a 1.5-fold increase in the blood leukocyte shift index, and disturbances in specific immune response (marker is an increase in the neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio), as well as a significant decrease in the phagocytic index, indicating the ineffectiveness of immune reactions involving neutrophils. At the same time, the intensification of the adaptive mechanisms and a three-fold increase in the reactive neutrophil response index indicates the subcompensation stage of endotoxemia. It is concluded that studied integral haematological parameters can be used as additional early diagnostic markers of impaired immunoreactivity and endotoxemia in animals kept in conditions of different protein and sucrose content in the diet.

Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича, Інститут біології, хімії та біоресурсів, кафедра біохімії та біотехнології, вул. Коцюбинського, 2, м. Чернівці, 58000, Україна

Досліджували показники водно-сольового обміну у щурів за умов ацетамінофеніндукованого токсичного ураження й аліментарної нестачі протеїну. Вміст Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Clу сироватці крові визначали спектрофотометрично з використанням стандартних наборів реактивів фірми "Human" (Німеччина), вміст альдостерону-імуноферментним методом з використанням тест-системи Aldosterone ELISA. Встановлено, що виражені порушення водно-електролітного обміну спостерігаються лише в групі тварин з токсичним ураженням ацетамінофеном на тлі аліментарної депривації протеїну. Для них характерними були гіпернатріємія (вміст Na + підвищувався на 25 %) та гіперхлоремія (вміст Clпідвищувався на 30 %) на тлі гіпокаліємії (вміст K + знижувався на 20 %) та гіпомагніємії (вміст Mg 2+ знижувався у 1,8 раза), що вказує на формування іонного дисбалансу. Водночас встановлене нами підвищення вмісту альдостерону у 2,2 раза та гіперосмолярність плазми крові свідчить про формування стану гіпергідратації. Отримані результати можуть бути використані для розробки стратегії корекції порушень водно-сольового обміну за умов ацетамінофеніндукованого токсичного ураження на тлі аліментарної нестачі протеїну. Ключові слова: аліментарна депривація протеїну; ацетамінофен; токсичне ушкодження; електроліти; осмолярність; альдостерон.

The intensity of free-radical processes in the skeletal muscles of rats at different dietary supply with protein and sucrose was studied. It has been established that the most pronounced intensification of free radical processes in the mitochondria of skeletal muscles is found in animals kept on a low-protein/ high-sucrose diet. In particular, the generation of superoxide anion-radical increases more than 5,3-fold and the generation of hydroxyl radical more than 3,2-fold compared with the control, more than a 14,3-fold increase in the carbonyl derivatives levels, and also decreases by three times in the free protein SH-groups levels against the background of a 1,7-fold decrease in catalase activity. It has been shown that excessive consumption of sucrose is a critical factor influencing the intensity of free radical processes in skeletal muscle mitochondria. The detected changes can be considered as prerequisites for skeletal muscle dysfunction under the conditions of nutrient imbalance.