The article is devoted to the topical problem of clinical allergology — differential diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD). The clinical manifestations of AD are quite similar to the extremely large number of different diseases and pathological conditions in children, which often leads to misdiagnosis. The complexity of the differential diagnosis of AD in children with a detailed description of different pediatrics diseases: from dermatological diseases (seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, shingles, scabies, ichthyosis, psoriasis, bullous epidermolysis, allergic dermatitis, cutaneous mastocytosis) to oncological (T-cell skin lymphoma), orphan metabolic diseases (hereditary disorders of tryptophan metabolism, phenylketonuria, Nezerton’s syndrome, etc.) and primary immunodeficiencies (Bruton’s disease, Job’s syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, selective IgA immunodeficiency etc.) is described. Сommon features of above mentioned diseases are listed in the article, also, special attention is paid to variety of the pathognomonic symptoms. Key words: atopic dermatitis, differential diagnosis, children.

Prevention is better than cure. Firstly, many regimes spend an enormous amount of money in order to treat their people who are suffering from different types of serious diseases. This article is an attempt to analyze of the existing international sources, which focuses on the primary prevention allergy. It is clear that the basis of such prevention is prophylaxes of the disease before it showed up. This is a very difficult question, because there are different points of view on the possibility of the prevention allergy today. The main purpose of this review is to summarize evidence base scientific data and researching results for the possibility of providing recommendations on primary prevention of childhood allergies. We would like to increase knowledge about the development of the allergic process, the ability to recognize and evaluate risk factors and all the factors of the next sensitization will enable us to better understand the tactics of prophylaxis allergic diseases.