Bees are winged insects that produce honey by their activities with the nectar of flowers. The honey produced is sweet and are finding replacement for sugar nowadays. Honey bees live in hives where the honey combs being formed by the bees are being deposited. Various methods had been exploited in extracting this honey from the honey comb both traditionally and by different designs of extractors from the primitive to a modern one. Although the former design which was locally produced in Nigeria was hand driven which functions quite efficiently, however, there is need for new innovation that involved the introduction of pedaled mechanism. An existing honey extractor design was improved upon with the introduction of pedal mechanism as compared to the hand driven one with the aim of extracting the honey in the most hygienic way with the suitable materials required. The efficiency of the machine was estimated to be 85 per cent, which was compared to the former available designed one of 83 per cent efficiency. The cost analysis for the production of the machine was included in the work which was estimated to be #48750 (US$243.75).

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This report covers the work index determination of Saman-Burkono graphite. The test sample was obtained from Saman-Burkono in Ningi Local Government Area of Bauchi state, while reference material (coal) was sourced from Okaba coal mine, Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State. A known weight of graphite sample and coal were crushed, pulverized and ground using the laboratory milling machine. The two samples were grinded with two cells of diameter 3.5cm and 222g weight. The analysis of the feed size fort the two samples was found graphically to be 180μm and 175μm, and ball mill discharge was 130μm and 140μm respectively. The work index of a coal as reference material was 7.65 kWh/ short ton, this was used to calculate the work index of the graphite which was found to be 11.047 kWh/short ton, being the required energy to comminute one ton of graphite.

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