This work highlights the main variant treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia, with a proven neurovascular conflict, microvascular decompression of the trigeminal root. Microvascular decompression is the main radical treatment method which allows to relieve hyperfunctional syndrome manifested by prosopalgia. In the course of this study, the variant anatomy of the neurovascular conflict in patients with trigeminal neuralgia was described in detail. The group of patients whose clinical diagnosis at the stage of selection was based on a neurological examination and taking into account the progression of symptoms as well as the performed instrumental examination (CT angiography). The results are described in the article. Atrophic changes of the root of the trigeminal nerve are visualized and described. The nature of its blood supply is classified according to the type of the origin of the artery or arterial branches of the trigeminal nerve root. The main types of neurovascular conflict classified according to the type of blood vessel are presented. Variant neuroanatomy of the trigeminal nerve root as well as the interaction with the arteries of the vertebrobasilar basin and the veins of the posterior cranial fossa are described. The course of microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root, used in the neurosurgical department of Samara Regional Clinical Hospital n.a. V.D. Seredavin is described