1 sugаrbeet@ukr.net, 2 oksana_parfenyuk@ukr.netThe purpose. Creation and implementation in selection process of recombinant materials of beet with improved parameters of the shape of root for the further selection of parent components of hybrids of sugar beet on CMS basis. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. By results of probes they selected one-seeded forms of sugar beet (candidates for lines of O-type) with improved shape of root, gained by fission of hybrid materials of different genetic structure. It is fixed that the extent of setting of seeds at autogamy of plants is low enough (16,4 -25,3%), and it is also observed lowering sowing qualities of seeds of inbreeding-materials. These materials were characterized by oval-conic and wide-conic shape of roots (index «F» was within the limits of 0,98 -1,24). Analysis of biometrical indexes of roots testifies to the following: in newly created materials in comparison with sugar beet (lines of O-type) have descended essential augmentation of length of a root (on 9,1%), distances from the plane of maximum diameter of a root to vertex of a head (37,0%), and mass of a root (28,6%). First backcross mating is accomplished of the select forms with pollinators-fixers of sterility, and heightening level of sugariness of roots and penetrances of genes ххzz (up to 50%) at hybrids ВС1 is achieved. Conclusions. Recombinant genotypes of plants are the valuable initial stock for selection of parent components of hybrids of sugar beet by the shape of a root. At use of hybridization and inbreeding already in the 2-nd generation of hybrids (F2) it is possible to select candidates for pollinators-fixers of sterility (lines of O-type) with oval-conic and wide-conic shape of roots. That attribute is stably inherited by offspring at the subsequent stages of selection on building lines of pollinators-fixing agents of sterility and their CMS analogs.

Створити шляхом гібридизації з буряками кормовими, нові вихідні матеріали буряків цукрових та дібрати кращі з них для подальшої селекції комбінаційно-здатних ліній-запилювачів (О-типів) з поліпшеними параметрами форми коренеплоду, високими показниками цукристості та технологічних якостей цукросировини. Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, аналітичний та статистичний. Результати. Досліджено вісім гібридів цукрово-кормового типу та їх вихідні форми за показниками продуктивності та технологічних якостей цукросировини. Встановлено, що за врожайністю коренеплодів цукрово-кормові гібриди перевищували середні значення батьківських форм буряків цукрових (О-типів) на 35,1 %, цукристість їх коренеплодів була нижчою на 22,7 %, вміст золи-вищим на 38,6 %. Урожайність коренеплодів цукрово-кормових гібридів характери-зувалася проміжним типом успадкування (hp = 0,09-0,46) та позитивним домінуванням (hp = 0,60-0,88). За цукристістю коренеплодів і вмістом золи у цих матеріалах спостерігався проміжний тип успадкування ознак з показниками hp у межах від-0,50 до-0,07 і-0,31 до 0,02 відповідно. Коренеплоди гібридних матеріалів характеризувалися овально-конічною формою, мали гладеньку поверхню та мілку боріздку, частково виступали над поверхнею ґрунту. Висновки. За результатами досліджень відібрано шість номерів цукрово-кормових гібридів з підвищеним рівнем урожайності коренеплодів і поліпшеними параметрами їх форми. Встановлено характер успадкування ознак продуктивності та технологічних якостей сировини. Впровадження даних матеріалів у селекційний процес дасть змогу, за використання різних форм інбридингу та схем гібридизації, виділити і провести добір кращих генотипів рослин-кандидатів у закріплювачі стерильності з овально-конічною формою коренеплоду, підвищеною їх цукристістю та поліпшеними технологічними якостями цукросировини. Ключові слова: вихідні матеріали, цукрово-кормовий гібрид, гібридизація, успадкування кількісних ознак, продуктивність, втрати цукру в мелясі, ступінь фенотипового прояву ознак, технологічні якості.

Purpose. Isolation of donors of valuable breeding and genetic traits and the creation of a new source material for the selection of parental components of sugar beet hybrids according to the shape of the root. Evaluation of the productive potential of experimental sugar beet hybrids with improved root shape parameters. Methods. Field (experiments, phenological observations), laboratory (determination of sugar content), measuring and weighing (determination of crop structure), statistical (mathematical processing of research results). Results. The results of the evaluation of the basic productivity of parental components of different genetic structure and productivity of experimental sugar beet hybrids with improved root shape are presented. An increase in the yield of root crops, sugar yield and sugar output per unit area in sugar beet hybrids on a cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) basis, created using multigerm pollinators with an improved root crop shape (oval-conical), has been established.  Experimental hybrids formed on the basis of first generation of multigerm pollinators of backcross (BC1) prevailed the group standard in root crop yield by 15.2–22.8%, sugar yield and sugar output by 14.4–19.4% and 11.5–17.5%, respectively. The sugar content was below or at the level of the group standard. Similar indicators of hybrids formed on the basis of pollinators of the second generation of backcross (BC2) were 14.0–21.2%, 17.0–23.2% and 17.6–23.9%, respectively. The sugar content was at the level of the group standard. Root shape index indicators were 1.32 and 1.28, respectively. The hybrids formed using the initial multigerm pollinators were characterized by a conical root shape (shape index – 0.61). According to indicators of yield, sugar yield and sugar output per unit area, they were at the level of the group standard. Conclusions. It was established that the shape of the root crop is an important factor in improving the productive potential of sugar beets in selection for heterosis. The change in the shape of the root crop from conical to oval-conical leads to an increase in the productivity of multigerm pollinators of sugar beets by 8–19% and hybrids created with their participation by 17–23%.

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Purpose. To create pollinator lines - sterility fixers and their cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-analogues and to study their breeding and genetic features for the development of parental components of CMS-based one-sprout fodder beet hybrids. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out at the Tobacco Research Station of the National Scientific Center "IA NAAS" (Cherkaska Oblast, Uman) in 2013–2021. Four diploid one-sprout fodder beet populations of hybrid origin were taken as the starting material. Fodder beet lines were created by inbreeding. Analyzing crossings were carried out under paired coarse calico bags. Breeding accessions were tested in accordance with a method developed by scientists of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS. Results and Discussion. The results indicate a fairly high frequency of pollinators - sterility fixers among the one-sprout fodder beet hybrids bred in Uman. The mean across all the initial accessions was 7.5%. One-sprout hybrids KT-7105 2хmm and KZ-1507 2хmm demonstrated the highest incidence Owen type pollinators - sterility fixers. A high level of pollen sterility was intrinsic to the CMS analogues of the O-type lines derived from the initial accessions IM-3319 2хmm and KZ-1507 2хmm (99.1% and 97.0%, respectively). The highest percentage of one-sprout seeds was recorded for the CMS analogues of the O-type lines derived from hybrid accessions KZ-1507 2хmm and KT-7105 2хmm. Fifteen best O-type lines have been selected for further breeding to obtain parental components of CMS-based experimental hybrids. Analysis showed that the beetroot yields of the majority of the CMS fodder beet lines were lower than that of the check variety. CMS IM-3319/16, CMS IM-3319/34 and CMS IM-3319/49 were the only lines that yielded at the level of the check variety (80.9–83.6 t/ha), which is attributed primarily to their genetic origin. As to the dry matter content in beetroots, only lines CMS ST-4514/27 and CMS ST-4514/39 significantly exceeded the check variety; the values of the others were similar to that of the check variety. In terms of the dry matter output, except for CMS KT-7105/7, CMS IM-3319/34 and CMS IM-3319/49, most lines were inferior to the check variety. Conclusions. We found that the portion of pollinators - CMS fixers in one-sprout populations of fodder beets of different genetic origins was 3.7–11.3%. Fifteen combinable O-type lines with pollen sterility fixing of 96.2–100% and percentage of one-sprout seeds of 96.4–99.3% have been created. Their CMS analogues have been obtained. The created breeding accessions are a valuable starting material for the selection of parental components and generation of highly productive CMS-based one-sprout fodder beet hybrids