In Africa, the outcome of development research is enormous and its dissemination has had a huge impact, especially in Nigeria for the last few decades. This impact is observable in the adoption of innovation by farmers with the aim of transforming agricultural production. To enhance adoption, training of the farmers is required. However, the attitude of farmers towards training could influence their decision on the uptake of agricultural innovation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the attitude of cassava farmers to training on selected improved agricultural technologies can substantially influence adoption of the technologies. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample size for this study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The findings showed that only a few (37.5%) of the farmers had a favourable attitude towards extension training with 64.25% of them having a low level of adoption of the technologies. While farmers' attitude towards training exerted a positive, howbeit minuscule influence on technology adoption, the perception of farmers about constraints to training on technologies had a stronger influence. Factors with a significant negative influence on adoption include, among others, diversification into non-farm occupations and age of farmers. Although the study admits that stimulating favourable attitudes is important for innovation adoption, it maintains that substantial rates of adoption will only be achieved if constraints to trainings on agricultural technology adoption are addressed from the farmers' perspective and if

Improved Aquaculture Management Practices (LAMP) always lead to increase productivity, generate greater income, reduce poverty and improve livelihood. This study assessed the extent of the use of IAMP by fish farmers in the Western Zone of Lagos state ADP, Nigeria to describe level of usage of IAMP and examine the constraints faced by fish farmers in the use of IAMP The primary data were collected with the aid of structured interview guide, administered through personal interviews and observations to elicit information from 100 fish farmers using simple random sampling and purposive technique. Descriptive statistics was used to analysis the socio-economic characteristics, while budgetary analysis was used to determine the profitability and multiple regression analysis. Findings show that the mean age of the respondents was 42.6 years, 71.0% were male, 90.0% married, 63.0% secondary occupation and 84.81% were aware of IAMP On a daily basis, 87.0% of the respondents were involved in record keeping, 82.0% carried out general observation in the farm and used concrete tanks while site selection, tank construction, pond liming and use of drugs were done occasionally. Constraints faced by the respondents were high cost of inputs (88.0%), flooding (79.0%),. predators (71.0%), mortality (61.0%), pollution (61.0%), inadequate technical know-how (61.0%) and disease outbreak (58.0%). Respondents' household size (r = -0.202, p<0.05) and marital status (χ2= 61.082, P<005) were significantly associated with factors affecting the use of IAMP. There were significant differences between IAMP used and revenue generated (t =4.641.,p<0.05). In conclusion, adoption of IAMP leads to increase aquaculture productivity and changes of social status. Government should provide assistance in loan at low interest, appropriate land, grants, fish farm input at subsidized rate adequate marketing information and networking among fish farmers.

Abstracts This study examined extension agents' perception of the use of the Internet for sourcing and disseminating agricultural innovation in (2008) opined that frontline extension workers, who are the direct link between farmers and other stakeholders in the agricultural knowledge transfer and information management system should be well positioned to make use of information communication technologies (ICT) to access expert knowledge and other types of information that could be beneficial to farmers. As a result of the numerous information resources on the Internet and increasing investment in the provision of Internet services and resources, it is essential that extension services and farmers should be enabled to have better access to innovations. It will be fascinating if the farmers and extension agents can use the Internet to access and exchange new ideas. This could enhance the extension service delivery thereby improving farmers' knowledge of agricultural technologies and better their attitudes towards innovation adoption. Aker (2010) opines that so far there is no large survey and data-based study on the impact of ICT on extension services in remote areas. This is probably due to lack of reliable data on outcome variables, as well as variations across extension and non-extension communities; and between users and non-users in observable and unobservable. The use of information stored on the Internet to find accurate and reliable information will be a new form of literacy to farmers and probably to extension agents as well. Whitworth, (2009) defines "information literate" as a person who can recognize when information is needed and be able to locate, evaluate and use effectively the needed information.

In Nigeria there is hardly a year where there are no major violent conflicts. However, much has not been published on the quantitative impact of the conflicts on farmers' livelihood the manager of crops, domesticated and wild life animals. Hence, this study tend to provide information for understanding how conflict handling styles employed by conflicting parties made most of the communal conflicts degenerate into destruction of farmers livelihood activities. Two violent communal conflicts ridden states one in rainforest and derive savannah region of Nigeria were purposively selected to reflect discrepancy in impact of the conflict on livelihood activities the means of generating livelihood in two main agro-ecological regions of Nigeria. Based on the conflict severity the two agro-ecological zones were stratified into core and outside conflict areas. Using farmers register as sampling frame work 60 and 67 farmers were randomly selected in core and outside violent conflict areas of rainforest and savannah zones respectively. Interview schedule instrument was used to collect data while frequency count, percentage t-test and ANOVA were statistical tools used for data analysis. The findings revealed that in Core Violent Conflict Area (CVCA) of rainforest and derived savannah areas 72.1% and 23.8% of the farmers were displaced from their farms respectively. Consequently tree (cocoa) crops production level were severely affected as reflected in lower ( x 295) and higher mean ( x 697) cocoa production level in tons recorded in CVCA and Outside Violent Conflict Areas (OVCA) respectively in rainforest areas. The severity of conflict impact was not reflected in derived savannah area because yam production level means gap in tons between CVCA ( x 423.0) and OVCA ( x 629) were very close. However, the savannah area felt the impact of the conflict on sheep and goat production because CVCA recorded lower mean ( x 180) numbers of sheep and goats as against higher mean ( x 2007) number of sheep and goat recorded in OVCA. The decline in production of sheep and goat could be attributed to conflict because majority (78.4%) of the farmers claimed that they have lost their productive land to conflict. Farmers' means of generating livelihood activities such as crops production level, sheep and goat number produced were statistically different across conflict zones at P < 0.05 in rainforest and savannah zones. The conflict had severe impact on crops, sheep and goat production hence, a sustainable capacity building program, as a post conflict coping strategies should be organised for conflict victims.

The success of entrepreneurship practice largely depends on the opportunities provided by an environment and the intuition and innovativeness of the enterprising individuals to leverage on the opportunities. The emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) in Nigeria brought about arrays of opportunities for ICT entrepreneurship practice in the country. Conscientious examination of the dimensional exploration of the information-driven technologies for economic activities among the enterprising individuals revealed extensive exploitation for fast-tracking online businesses and merchandising of ICT resources. Socioeconomic impacts of the ICT entrepreneurship thus range through increased employment opportunity in the informal sector to satisfaction of basic needs of such employees. The need to strengthen the ICT sector through enabling policy for economic growth of the micro, small and medium entrepreneurs is recommended.