Recent technological advancements have made things in an efficient manner. This paper presents the overall design of Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling with little cost and establishes a new pattern for home automation developments. The benefits of a DTMF system is that it may be controlled remotely from afar, effectively saves energy, minimizes human stress. One of the most developing trends in home appliance control innovation is DTMF-based home automation technology using Arduino. In order to make this project work, an Arduino Uno was used. This is primarily about the ATmega328 microcontroller (MCU). It comprises of 14 digital output/input pins, analogue inputs of about 6 ports, a USB port for programming the onboard microcontroller, an ICSP header, a power jack, and a reset button. DTMF can be realized using numerous approaches for example, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). These techniques are generally analyzed using MATLAB, GUI, and FPGAs. DFT procedure has the shortcoming of power overwhelming and necessitates supplementary hardware. The system design in this project work was implemented with C++ programming languages on the Arduino IDE software. The circuit diagrams were modeled using the use of Proteus software.

Attendance documentation is a crucial metric for determining a student's dedication, qualification, and status. Several types of systems have been developed for automated attendance. The majority of these implementations were built on a single factor template, representing a line of security error. In recent years, rapid development has taken place in several applications such as authorization, data access, and access control by implementing biometrics and radio frequency identification technologies. This research work focuses on designing a smart protocol for RFID authentication in combination with fingerprint biometric information, which guarantees confidentiality, identity verification, and data protection. Reaction time and event performance evaluation were the tests performed on the system. Ten students with unique fingerprints and RFID cards are assessed for the test. The test results show an average duration of 20.61 respective seconds for each student, and zero percent of false refusal rate was recorded in the implementation. Finally, the result shows the system is reliable and efficient. Each result revealed high-speed performance due to software and hardware coordination. Biometric systems provided data integrity and security, RFID provided limited complexity, and the proposed method's technical programming pattern provided an average run time.