No abstract

Heart and metabolic diseases are very common in society today. There are many special features in their manifestation that have influence on prognosis and therapy approaches. Among them are gender characteristics. The aim of the research was to determine the gender peculiarities of disorders of lipid metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study of the blood lipid spectrum in patients with coronary heart disease and T2DM was conducted in 72 patients aged 37 to 85 years old. The patients with coronary heart disease were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or absence of T2DM: 1 group (n = 40) – patients with coronary heart disease only (Stable Angina Pectoris); group 2 (n = 32) – patients with coronary heart disease and T2DM. Each group was divided into subgroups depending on the gender of the patients: 1A and 2A – males, 1B and 2B – females. Despite the presence of T2DM, a majority of patients with coronary heart disease were overweight and obese. At the same time, obesity was more common in the female subgroups (1B – 45.0%, 2B – 64.7%) than in the male subgroups (1A – 35.0% and 2A – 33.3% respectively). There was an increase in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins for impaired lipid metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease. There was a slightly higher level of total cholesterol (6.12 ± 2.06 mmol/L) and low-density lipoproteins (4.24 ± 1.79 mmol/L) and a lower level of triglycerides (1.63 ± 0.65 mmol/L) in females than in males (5.15 ± 1.29, 3.71 ± 1.14 and 2.40 ± 1.06 mmol/l, respectively). Disruption of lipid metabolism was characterized predominantly by an increase in levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins in blood in patients with coronary heart disease and T2DM regardless of gender. About a quarter of males (25.0% with coronary heart disease and 26.7% with coronary heart disease with T2DM) and females with T2DM (23.5%) reached the target total cholesterol level (<4.0 mmol/L), less frequently females with coronary heart disease (15.0%). The incidence of low-density lipoproteins target (<1.8 mmol/L) was significantly lower than total cholesterol: about 5.0% in males (regardless of the presence of T2DM) and 10.0% in females with coronary heart disease. Women with coronary heart disease and T2DM did not reach the target low-density lipoproteins level (<1.8 mmol/L). In most patients with coronary heart disease dyslipidemia grade II by Fredrickson was observed regardless of the presence of T2DM: in 100% of patients with coronary heart disease and 81.1% of patients with coronary heart disease and T2DM. A distinctive feature of impaired lipid metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease and T2DM is the presence in some of patients of Dyslipidemia grade IV by Fredrickson (6.7% of males and 5.9% of females) and the absence of Dyslipidemia class IIa in males in this group. Analysis of the achievement of the target levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins indicates insufficient prescribing of adequate hypolipidemic therapy for patients with coronary heart disease and T2DM.

The aim of the study was to study the range of substances that cause respiratory sensitization in adults and children living in Dnipro as of 2019. Materials and research methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to study the serum of venous blood, which determined the specific IgE of up to 9 allergens that are most common in the home. Kits for quantification of allergen-specific IgE from Vitrotest Specific-IgE, Ukraine were used. Conducted allergy diagnosis for 380 people with certain features of allergy history of various types of allergies, who went to the laboratory to specify the etiological root cause of their disease. Research results. As a result of the analysis of the received data the distribution of allergens on their prevalence among the population of Dnipro was established. The degree of hypersensitivity to each specific allergen and their ability to cross-react with each other was determined. Among the allergens of the household panel, the most dangerous were allergens of molds, which caused a sensitization reaction in 292 people, which was 76.8 % of all surveyed. The top three (in prevalence) of household allergens included: cat epithelium, which caused sensitization in 125 people (32.9 %) and Derm mite. Farinae, sensitivity to which was found in 117 patients (30.7 %). The share of inadequately strong allergopathological reactions is one third of all examined and prevails in people with sensitization to allergic agents of the household panel such as cat epithelium, Derm mite. Farinae and Derm. Pteronyssinus. Hyperractivity to fungi of the genus Candida and mold has been found in 9–12 % of people. The lowest severity of sensitization was observed in the epithelium of the dog and house dust, and low sensitivity in the reactivity structure of allergopathological reactions was observed for allergens of the epidermal group (down and feathers of poultry) and cockroaches. The development of cross-reactions took place between allergens of epidermal origin: there was a hypersensitivity to the hair and epithelium of dogs and cats (r=0.94, P˂0.01), poultry feathers and cockroaches (r=0.99, P˂0.01). This association of cross-reactions is possible, given the theory of minor and major proteins, and is due to their similarity: the similarity of the inclusion in the allergen structures of specific forms of molecules inherent in both allergic agents that may have allergy-stimulating effects. Conclusions. Cross-linking between several types of related allergens is the best way to further investigate this issue. It makes sense to include in the laboratory study a molecular method for the determination of major and minor proteins in the case of the greatest relationship to determine not only a specific allergen as an etiological factor, but also a specific sensitizing protein that is part of them. This is of great importance for subsequent immunotherapy when the removal of only one (major) protein agent can reduce the risk of susceptibility reactions to several types of allergens

The problem of biofilm formation by clinical strains of opportunistic bacteria is one of the most significant for medicine, because in a state of biofilm bacteria become more resistant to environmental factors, including antibiotics, a situation that can cause failure of treatment. Among opportunistic pathogens staphylococci are of special interest. Knowledge about the peculiarities of biofilm formation of these strains, in particular the polysaccharide biosynthesis, can be used for creation of a strategy of prophylaxis of different lesions that bind with staphylococci. The effect of different concentrations of the most widespread sugars (glucose, sucrose, lactose, galactose) on the activity of biofilm formation by strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated. Strains of S. epidermidis (n = 7) were isolated from the reproductive tract of women with dysbiosis. The cultures were grown in universal synthetic media with concentration of one of the listed sugars (0.5–3.0%) during 72 h. Results were obtained colorimetrically. We studied the number of cells in biofilm and the index of biofilm formation. The largest number of cells in the biofilm was observed when the culture incubated in a medium with 2.0% of glucose (increase of 25.3 times compared to control). The amount of CFU in the control biofilm was 9.96 lg CFU/mL. The glucose concentration of 3.0% inhibited the biofilm formation: the number of cells in the biofilm was 569 times less compared to the control. The highest value of biofilm formation index was 7.2, which was 1.3 times higher than the control (5.4). In the presence of lactose and galactose in nutrient medium in concentrations from 1.0% a decrease in the number of cells and biofilm formation index were observed. The received data show that process of biofilm formation is significantly dependent on external sources of sugars, which can indicate the possibility of their use as antibiofilm drug compounds, which inhibit membrane transport of sugars in bacteria.