Objective: Radopholus similis and Pratylenchus coffeae are a major constraint to sustainable plantain production. Keeping the orchard for several ratoons without any control measures of plant-parasitic nematodes favors the build-up of their populations.The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of annual replanting of plantain in controlling the populations of the parasites. Methods and results: The study involved plantain cv Horn1 planted at high density (2500 plants/ha) in a completely randomized block design. The trial included four treatments: (i) two cycles without nematicide application, (ii) two cycles with nematicide application, (iii) annual replanting with nematicide application and (iv) annual replanting without nematicide application. Suckers were replanted at 0,8 m from the mother plant of the first crop that was uprooted along with the rest of the surrounding followers. Nematode root infestation was assessed before and at flowering and at harvest between 0 -0,5 m and 0,5 -1 m from the mother plant. Infestation of R. similis and P. Coffeae is concentrated (80 %) in the first 50 cm of the roots. Replanting of the plot after the first harvest resulted in the lowest root infestation and the highest yields (35-36 t/ha) (P< 0,05) ; yields comparable to that obtained at the plant crop (35 t/ha). In the plots of the first ratoon crop instead, 15 and 25 % yield decline were recorded. Conclusion and implementation of finding: The study revealed that annual replanting of plantain orchard reduces significantly nematode infestation in the roots to the level of that achieved under several ratoons with nematicide treatments. The innovative cultural practice results in high yields. Therefore, annual replanting stands as an efficient strategy for the management of R. similis and P. coffeae, the two most damaging parasitic nematodes species of plantain. Key words: Plantain, Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, annual replanting, management strategy INTRODUCTION La banane plantain constitue l'une des principales denrées alimentaires de base dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales, notamment en Afrique Occidentale et Centrale. Elle joue, non seulement un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire des populations, mais également elle représente une source de revenus (Orellana et al., 2002). En Côte d'Ivoire, avec une production annuelle de plus de 1,6 millions de t/an (Anonyme, 2012), les bananes plantain occupent le 3 ème rang des cultures vivrières après l'igname et le manioc. Généralement, les plantations de bananier plantain sont créées à partir des rejets et elles demeurent en place pendant plusieurs cycles, quasiment sans mesures phytosanitaires. Le plantain est souvent impliqué, soit dans des polycultures de vivriers, soit dans des systèmes de cultures à base de plantes pérennes, notamment la cacaoculture et l'hévéaculture. Les monocultures de plantain sont rares Koné, 2002). Les densités de plantation sont variables et sont en deçà de celle qui est recommandée (1667 plants/ha) (...
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