The studies’ results of the adhesive and the cement-polymer compositions shrinkage phenomena are given. Theoretical approaches are justified when selecting additives to reduce the cement-polymer systems shrinkage deformations. A method for measuring water separation and shrinkage with the DBS device (the soil bucking measuring device), which simulates the modified disperse systems intrinsic deformations processes and of the products based on them, is proposed. The adhesion strength results of at the “stone material-solution” boundary are given. It has been shown that the solutions shrinkage has a significant effect on the adhesive strength.

The article provides an overview of research on the specifics of the use and composition of restoration materials and solutions at different stages of the work. The need is shown for the development of domestic restoration materials that improve the quality of restoration, the long-term preservation of the restored object during operation and provide the possibility of choice in relation to each restoration task. The literature review gives the stages of restoration work of architectural monuments are given, the specifics of which depend on the use of functional additives in various repair mixtures. The review of research on the subject is focused on the importance of solving the problems of replacing imported modifier additives with domestic ones. The authors emphasize that the choice of additives of various functional purposes in prescription formulations should be made considering the compatibility patterns of the components of the materials being restored (including in the form of dry restoration mixtures), have a scientific integrated approach. The analysis of scientific achievements and publications where the solution of this problem has been initiated has shown that there are particular unresolved issues of the general problem to which this article is devoted. Polymer additives of domestic production of various chemical nature used in compositions based on mineral binders are given. Based on the analysis of physico-mechanical, rheotechnological and technological properties of compositions based on mineral binders, the possibility and advantage of using Russian water-soluble polymers in the compositions of restoration materials, taking into account the small dosage and environmental friendliness of these additives, is proved. Previous comparative analysis of conducted studies shows that increasing the range of modifying additives using Russian-made polymers and the production of competitively capable dry building mixes based on them for restoration operations will help to fulfill the task of preserving architectural objects of historical construction that reflect different epochs, an element of national culture and identity, ensuring the continuity of cultures.

The additives of polymers of domestic and foreign production used in compositions of dry construction mixes are given. The need of expansion the range of polymer additives produced in Russia for competitive production is proved. It is shown that use of masonry mortars with additives of domestic water-soluble polymers (methyl cellulose, oxyethylcellulose) in amount of 0.5–1 % prevents softening and cracking of masonry at the junction of bricks, provides high adhesion to stone wall material, increases solidity of masonry. Masonry earing capacity on cement and sand solution with additive of 0.5 % of methyl cellulose increases by 20 % above in comparison with a bricklaying on traditional solution, without polymer additive. The appearance of main cracks in the central compression of the masonry on cement-polymer solution occurs at higher intensities of the breaking load. Studied domestic additives of water-soluble polymers are environmentally friendly products of domestic production. The low percentage of polymer has a positive effect on the water resistance and cost of masonry. The developed masonry mortars can be recommended for buildings and constructions subjected to dynamic effects.

Thermodynamic analysis of the hydration processes of tricalcium silicate 3CaO•SiO2 is difficult due to the unreliability of the initial data for hydration products. In addition, there are disagreements about the basicity of the hydration phases (3CaO•SiO2•3H2O or 2CaO•SiO2•2H2O). For the latter, there is no free energy of formation in the reference literature. There are also no data on the water solubility of these calcium hydrosilicates. The proposed values of ∆G0298 for these hydrosilicates, equal to 1064,3 and 639,7, as well as the enthalpies of formation (∆Н0298), equal to 1157,2 and 696,9 kcal/mol, re-spectively. Further thermodynamic calculations were performed using these values. To calculate the composition of the liquid phase, a simplified Born-Haber cycle is used. The values of the calculated heat release of tricalcium silicate with the formation of C3S2H3 and C2SH2, obtained using the pro-posed values of enthalpies, differ little from each other and are close to the experimental data. The calculated solubility of C3S2H3 is 0,7 g/l CaO, and C2SH2 is 0,92 g/l CaO. Since the solubility of C3S2H3 is much lower than of Ca(OH)2 (portlandite), which is formed during hydration of tricalcium silicate in large quantities, C3S2H3 is unstable under these conditions and its basicity increases. It is suggested that C3S2H3 is the main hydration product of CEM III and other cements with a high content of active mineral additives, and C2SH2 is CEM I and CEM II.